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TWENTIETH CENTURY CHAPTER 19

Jazz!. Overview Origins Blues New Orleans Style Big Band Swing Bebop Jazz since 1950. TWENTIETH CENTURY CHAPTER 19. Jazz!. Overview. “jazz” = broad term incl. many types of music reeds + brass + rhythm specialized sounds e.g., bends, shakes, falloffs Improvisation = VIMP. Jazz!.

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TWENTIETH CENTURY CHAPTER 19

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  1. Jazz! Overview Origins Blues New Orleans Style Big Band Swing Bebop Jazz since 1950 TWENTIETH CENTURYCHAPTER 19

  2. Jazz! Overview • “jazz” = broad term incl. many types of music • reeds + brass + rhythm • specialized sounds • e.g., bends, shakes, falloffs • Improvisation = VIMP

  3. Jazz! Origins • Ca.1900 • America’s band movement • music only improvised at first • African-American practice • emphasis on drumming • call and response from church services

  4. Jazz! Blues From African American spirituals & field hollers 12-bar blues—each stanza uses same simple structure: Poetry: Line 1 Line 2 Line 3 Melody: a a’ b Measures: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Harmony: Tonic S Ton DomTonic

  5. Log • Bessie Smith • Lost your Head Blues • Blues • I= • 12-bar blues • poetry about lost love • call & response Connect Kamien

  6. Jazz! New OrleansStyle • Dixieland • 5-8 players • front line (melodic instruments) • rhythm • bass • simultaneous improvisation! • often based on well-known tune • Louis Armstrong

  7. Log • Louis Armstrong • Hotter Than That • New Orleans jazz • I= • syncopation • scat singing • call & response • some group improvisation Connect Kamien

  8. Jazz! Big Band Swing • 1930s 40s • Music for dancing in BIG halls • th/f BIG bands--reeds, brass, rhythm • mostly notated w/ some improvised solos • simple harmonies & repeated chord progressions • characteristic swing rhythm

  9. Log • Ellington • C-Jam Blues • Big Band Swing • I= • 12-bar blues structure • improvised solos over repeated harmonies Connect Kamien

  10. Ellington C-Jam Blues 12 bar Piano + rhythm 12 bar sax + rhythm 4 bar violin break 12 bar violin solo over chord pattern 4 bar muted cornet break 12 bar muted cornet solo over chord pattern 4 bar ten sax break 12 bar ten sax over chords 4 bar muted trombone break 12 bar muted trombone solo 4 bar clarinet break 12 bar clarinet solo 12 full band Connect Kamien

  11. Jazz! Bebop • 1940s • Music for listening , NOT dancing • Smaller combos • 1 or 2 melody instruments + rhythm • Style built on improvisation • Complex chords & unusual progressions • Structure often theme and variation-like

  12. Log—NOT ON EXAM (but it’s a great piece!) • Charlie Parker • Bloomdido • Bebop • I= • virtuoso improvisation!!!! • ABA form

  13. Charlie Parker Bloomdido A B A Choruses 3-11 Improvised variations over chord progression Choruses 1, 2 present tune & establish chord progression Choruses 1, 2 recap tune Alto Muted Piano DrumSax trumpet (4) (3) (2) (2)

  14. Jazz! Since 1950 • Diversity of stylistic tracks • cool, free, fusion are just three of many • Music for listening • more complex harmonies • more emphasis on tone colors • Jazz and “classical” worlds move closer to each other • International influences

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