Module 1

1. Module 1 Introduction to PHP CS346 PHP

2. PHP References • General: Download, documentation • http://www.php.net/ • Documentation: manual • http://www.php.net/manual/en/ http://us2.php.net/manual/en/index.php • PHP.net tutorial • http://php.net/manual/en/tutorial.php • W3schools tutorial http://www.w3schools.com/php/default.asp CS346 PHP

3. PHP functions • Documented PHP functions • http://us2.php.net/quickref.php • You can create your own functions too CS346 PHP

4. Objectives • What is PHP? • How does a PHP script work with a Web Browser and a Web Server? • What software and components you need to get started with PHP? • To create and run a simple PHP script CS346 PHP

5. What Is PHP? • PHP, PHP Hypertext Preprocessor • Server-side scripting languages for creating dynamic web pages CS346 PHP

6. PHP advantages Advantages of Using PHP to enhance Web pages: • Easy to use • Simpler than Perl • Open source • Multiple platform. CS346 PHP

7. How PHP Pages are Accessed and Interpreted Client: Web browser Web server 1.Form submitted with a submit button 2.----- Action sends a request to the php file in server 3. Receive the request, find the file, and read it 4. Execute the PHP commands 5. Send the results back 6. ---- results returned as HTML file 7. Web browser renders the HTML file, displaying the results CS346 PHP

8. Getting Started with PHP To develop and publish PHP scripts you need: • A client machine with a basic text editor and Internet connection • Prepare a text file with .php extension • FTP or Telnet software • Upload the file.php to the server • A Web server with PHP built into it • Process the file.php CS346 PHP

9. WHH Note • This means that a browser e.g. IE or Firefox on the client computer will not recognize or render a file with extension .php • How do you check your PHP script before submission to server? CS346 PHP

10. Getting Started with PHP Set up development computer as a server • Laptop contains a server and a browser environment • Laptop is also set up as a Web server - WAMPserver • Windows Apache, MySQL, PHP • Client machine: PC, XP, editors, browsers • Internet connection not needed • Use copy and paste to transfer the scripts • For class demos: • localhost or 127.0.0.1 or cs346 server CS346 PHP

11. Exploring the Basic PHP Development Process The basic steps you can use to develop and publish PHP pages are: 1. Create a PHP script file and save it to a local disk • Test on localhost until satisfied 2. Use FTP to copy the file to the server 3. Access your file via URL on server using a browser • IE, Netscape, Opera, etc. CS346 PHP

12. Check PHP installation • Create a simple PHP script, called phpinfo.php • The PHP script starts with a <?php tag and ends with ?> • Between these tags is a single PHP statement: phpinfo(); • Copy the file to a directory of local server • For WAMP: wamp/www • Access the file with a browser • http://localhost/checkphp.php CS346 PHP

13. CS346 PHP

14. Checking the server set up • Upload the phpinfo.php to cs346 server • E.g. to huen/m00 • Click on the link • http://cs346.cs.uwosh.edu/huen/m00/phpinfo.php • Check the various environments: • Apache • MySQL • PHP functions • variables CS346 PHP

15. CS346 PHP

16. Creating a PHP Script File • Create PHP script welcome.php • Starts with a <?php tag and ends with ?> • Between these tags is a single PHP print statement • Copy the file to C:\wamp\www • Access the file with http://127.0.0.1/welcome.php • Demo on localhost • Demo on cs346 server CS346 PHP

17. Similarly for other PHP scripts • Upload welcome.php to huen/m00 • Click on • http://cs346.cs.uwosh.edu/huen/m00/welcome.php <?PHP /* welcome.php */ print ("<h1 style=\"color: blue;\">Welcome to PHP, CS346 class!</h1>"); /* Note the combination of html tags and css */ ?> CS346 PHP

18. Note the effect of CSS CS346 PHP

19. Alternative PHP Delimiters • You can alternatively start your PHP scripts with the <script> tag as follows: <script language="PHP"> print ("A simple initial script"); </script> • If short_open_tagenabled in its configuration file (php.ini), you can use <? and ?>. • If asp_tags is enabled in the PHP configuration file, you can use <% and %> as delimiters. CS346 PHP

20. Proper Syntax • If you have a syntax error then you have written one or more PHP statements that are grammatically incorrect in the PHP language. • The print statement syntax: CS346 PHP

21. If syntax is wrong <?php print ( "Welcome to PHP, CS346 class!); ?> CS346 PHP

22. A Little About PHP's Syntax • Some PHP Syntax Issues: • Be careful to use quotation marks, parentheses, and brackets in pairs. • Most PHP commands end with a semicolon (;). • Be careful of case. • PHP ignores blank spaces. CS346 PHP

23. Embedding PHP Statements Within HTML Documents • One way to use PHP is to embed PHP scripts within HTML tags in an HTML document. • Save the file first with extension html • Validate the html file • Change the extension to php • Access the script by URL on server CS346 PHP

24. <html xmlns = "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <title>HTML With PHP Embedded </title> </head> <body> <p style = "font-family:sans-serif; font-size:36; color:yellow; background-color:green"> Welcome To My Page! <?PHP print ("<br /> Using PHP is not hard!"); ?> <br /> and you can learn it quickly!</p> </body> </html> CS346 PHP

25. When embedded1.php is accessed CS346 PHP

26. Using Backslash (\) to Generate HTML Tags with print() • Sometimes you want to output an HTML tag that also requires double quotation marks. • Use the backslash (“\”) character to signal that the double quotation marks themselves should beoutput:print ("<font color=\"blue\">"); • The above statement would output: <font color="blue"> CS346 PHP

27. Using Comments with PHP Scripts • Comments enable you to include descriptive text along with the PHP script. • Comment lines are ignored when the script runs; they do not slow down the run-time. • Comments have two common uses. • Describe the overall script purpose. • Describe particularly tricky script lines. CS346 PHP

28. Using Comments with PHP Scripts • Comment Syntax - Use // standalone <?php // This is a comment ?> • Can be placed on Same line as a statement: <?php print ("A simple initial script"); //Output a line ?> CS346 PHP

29. Example Script with Comments 1. <html> <head> 2. <title> Generating HTML From PHP</title> </head> 3. <body> <h1> Generating HTML From PHP</h1> 4. <?php 5. // 6. // Example script to output HTML tags 7. // 8. print ("Using PHP has <i>some advantages:</i>"); 9. print ("<ul><li>Speed</li><li>Ease of use</li> <li>Functionality</li></ul>"); //Output bullet list 10. print ("</body></html>"); 11. ?> CS346 PHP

30. Alternative Comment Syntax PHP allows a couple of additional ways to create comments. <?php phpinfo(); # This is a built-in function ?> • Multiple line comments. <?php /* A script that gets information about the PHP version being used. */ <? phpinfo(); ?> CS346 PHP

31. Summary • HTML pages are static and cannot interact with users • PHP is a free, open source technology that enables documents to generate dynamic content • PHP script has the extension of .php • PHP script may be standalone or • Can be embedded in an HTML document CS346 PHP

32. Summary • Resources needed for development: • Web server with built-in PHP • a client machine with a basic text editor, browser, and internet connections • FTP or Telnet software to send the script to the server CS346 PHP

33. Summary • PHP script process: • write the PHP script file • copy the script file to the Web server • access the file with a Web browser • Comments can be proceeded with • two forward slashes (//) • or # • or enclosed in /* and */ CS346 PHP