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Nematoda

Secernentea Tylenchida Aphelenchida Rhabditida Strongylida Ascaridida Spirurida Camallanida. Adenophorea Dorylaimida Mononchida Chromadorida Desmoscolecida Monhysterida Araeolaimida Teratocephalida Enoplida Dioctophymatida. Nematoda.

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Nematoda

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  1. Secernentea Tylenchida Aphelenchida Rhabditida Strongylida Ascaridida Spirurida Camallanida Adenophorea Dorylaimida Mononchida Chromadorida Desmoscolecida Monhysterida Araeolaimida Teratocephalida Enoplida Dioctophymatida Nematoda

  2. 분류상 점미사 • Order – ida • Suborder – ina • Superfamily – oidae • Family – idae • Subfamily – inae Nomenclature: Binominal system Meloidogyneincognita

  3. Tylenchida Superfamily Criconematoidea Family Criconematidae (Criconemoides, Criconema) Family Tylenchulidae Superfamily Tylenchoidea Family Tylenchidae (Tylenchulus) Family Anguinidae (Anguina,Ditylenchus) Family Dolichodoridae (Dolichodorus) Family Belonolaimidae (Belonolaimus) Family Pratylenchidae (Pratylenchus, Radopholus) Family Hoplolaimidae (Hoplolaimus) Family Heteroderidae (Meloidogyne, Heterodera)

  4. Aphelenchida Family Aphelenchidae(Aphlenchus) Family Paraphlenchidae Family Aphelenchoididae(Aphelenchoides, Bursaphelenchus) Family Senuridae Family Entaphlenchidae

  5. Dorylaimida 1. Xiphinema 2. Longidorus 3. Trichodorus

  6. Heterodera(Cyst nematode) 1. Heterodera shachtii (Sugar beet cyst nematode) 2. Heterodera glycine (Soybean cyst nematode) 2. Globodera rostochienesis (Golden potato cyst nematode) 3. Globodera pallida (White potato cyst nematode) Globodera spp.(=round cyst nematode)

  7. Cyst nematode

  8. Heterodera(Cyst nematode) <History> • Germany, 1871, Schacht Heterodera schachtii (Sugarbeet cyst nematode) Symptom: “beet tiredness” • 17th century, from Peru to Euroupe Globodera rostochiensis (Golden potato cyst nematode) During WWII in England, Europe-severe problem

  9. Soybean cyst nematode

  10. Heterodera glycine(Soybean cyst nematode) • Originated from Orient (China, Japan, and Korea) (1800’s, soil imported from the Orient for the purpose of obtaining bacteria to nodulate soybean roots) • First found in North Carolina, 1954 1965, 8 states 1975, 14 states 1987, 26 states, Ontario, Canada 2000, 28 states (including Hawaii)

  11. Distribution of SCN in the United States and Canada in 1998

  12. Life cycle of Soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycine)

  13. Heterodera glycine • Cyst (dead female body containing eggs) formation • Reproduction type: Amphimix • Life cycle; 21-28 days, 30-40 days: cyst formation 25-200 eggs/ female 2-5 generations/ year • Symptom: Stunt and yellow (영양결핍) Field: 연작지, 수량 감소, cyst 발견 • Host: Soybean, Phaseolus spp. Nonhost: corn, cotton, peanut, tobacco, wheat • Interaction to Phytophthora, Pythium, Rhizoctonia • 16 races are reported

  14. Heterodera glycine • Management of SCN 1. Crop rotation : Planting non-host crops reduce the population 2. Resistant varieties : recommended to use Non-host, resistant variety, Non-host, Susceptible 3. Chemical control : not-recommended

  15. Hatching factors • Physical factors 1. Temperature 2. Seasonal effect 3. Soil moisture 4. Aeration 5. Electric stimulation, light • Chemical stimulation • : Root exudates from plant • Natural hatching factors • - fatty acid extracted from • soybean root • - Cyst extracts

  16. Pratylenchus (Root lesion nematodes) • Migratory endoparasites • Symptoms :Poor top growth, sensitive to moisture stress, reduce yield :elongated, narrow, dark lesion in root • Destroy outer root tissues (Cortex) not endodermis or vascular tissue • All stages (J2, J3, J4, female and male) move into and out of roots and also move within roots • Eggs are deposited in root tissue

  17. Major species of Pratylenchus 1. Pratylenchus penetrans (Northern lesion nematode) : orchards, tobacco – temperate region 2. Pratylechus coffeae (Coffee lesion nematode) : coffee, banana, citrus – tropic region 3. Pratylenchus vulnus (Boxwood lesion nematode) : fruits and nuts – temperate region

  18. Pratylechus sp.

  19. Pratylenchus in American boxwood

  20. Life cycle of Pratylechus sp.

  21. Radopholus (Burrowing nematodes) • Migratory endoparasites • History - 1893, Cobb:first observed soil around banana root - 1953, Suit & DuCharme proved R. similis is causal agent of “spread decline”of citrus (1.6 trees/year) Symptom: smaller leaves, dead twigs, small fruit “Pull and treat program” • Physiological race Citrus +, Banana + : Citrus race Citrus -, Banana + : Banana race

  22. Life cycle of R. similis

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