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Congestive Heart Failure & Cardiovasculature Disease

Congestive Heart Failure & Cardiovasculature Disease. Right Ventricular Failure (RVF). Occurs when the right ventricle fails as an effective forward pump, causing back-pressure of blood into the systemic venous circulation Can result from:

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Congestive Heart Failure & Cardiovasculature Disease

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  1. Congestive Heart Failure & Cardiovasculature Disease

  2. Right Ventricular Failure (RVF) • Occurs when the right ventricle fails as an effective forward pump, causing back-pressure of blood into the systemic venous circulation • Can result from: • Chronic hypertension (in which LVF usually precedes RVF) • COPD • Pulmonary embolism • Valvular heart disease • Right ventricular infarction • RVF most commonly results from LVF

  3. RVF • Signs and symptoms • Tachycardia • Venous congestion • Engorged liver, spleen, or both • Venous distention; distention and pulsations of the neck veins • Peripheral edema • Fluid accumulation in serous cavities • History--common signs and symptoms of acute right-sided heart failure include chest pain, hypotension, and distended neck veins • Management

  4. Left Ventricular Failure (LVF) and Pulmonary Edema • LVF occurs when the left ventricle fails to function as an effective forward pump, causing a back-pressure of blood into the pulmonary circulation • May be caused by a variety of forms of heart disease including ischemic, valvular, and hypertensive heart disease • Untreated, significant LVF culminates in pulmonary edema

  5. LVF • Signs and symptoms • Severe respiratory distress • Severe apprehension, agitation, confusion • Cyanosis (if severe) • Diaphoresis • Adventitious lung sounds • JVD • Abnormal vital signs • Management

  6. Cardiogenic Shock • The most extreme form of pump failure • Occurs when left ventricular function is so compromised that the heart cannot meet the metabolic needs of the body • Usually caused by extensive myocardial infarction, often involving more than 40% of the left ventricle, or by diffuse ischemia • Signs and symptoms • Management

  7. Cardiac Tamponade • Impaired diastolic filling of the heart caused by increased intrapericardial pressure and volume • As the volume of pericardial fluid encroaches on the capacity of the atria and ventricles to fill adequately, ventricular filling is mechanically limited and stoke volume is decreased • Causes • Signs and symptoms • Management

  8. Cor Pulmonale • A condition of Rt. Ventricular Failure due to pulmonary hypertension secondary to a disease of the pulmonary blood vessels. • A pulmonary embolus can cause an acute dilatation of the ventricle requiring emergent measures. • Chronic Cor Pulmonale develops from COPD/emphazema, and/or fibrosis.

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