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Cosmic Ray Experiments in the Era of LHC at High Altitudes

This paper discusses cosmic ray experiments at high altitudes in the era of LHC, focusing on acceleration and composition mysteries. It delves into uncertainties in modeling shower development, lack of experimental data, and challenges in composition analysis.

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Cosmic Ray Experiments in the Era of LHC at High Altitudes

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  1. Cosmic Ray Experiments in the Era of LHCatHigh Altitudes Zhen Cao Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China LHEP2013,Sanya,China, Jan.2013

  2. E-scale Composition Where are the knee, the second, the ankle ? E-scaleWhat happen around them? CompositionWhy do they happen? Acceleration/propagation effect Acceleration/propagation effect Anisotropy Well measured spectra for each specie w/ calorimeter & charge sensitive D EAS techniques

  3. Fluorescence light Detection Zhen Cao

  4. Entangled problems • Big uncertainties in modeling of shower development • Lack of experimental data nailing down parameters in the models • Unknown composition • No way to carry out absolute calibration because test beams are not energetic enough and impossible for ground array

  5. As a consequence, e.g. the composition of CRs • After being discovered 50 years we are still debating about where is the knee,is it sharply or gradually bent • KASCADE had put hadronic calorimeter+AS+MUON together, it turned out more entropy rather than sorting out anything better

  6. Gaurang Yodh: Are all those improvement? Proc. 2004ISVHECRI, Greece

  7. p-p cross section by SPS, Tevatron and LHC will put great constraints on σp-air(E) Phys. Rev. D 80 (2009) 092004 Tevatron LHC

  8. LHC ERA TOTEM Experiment

  9. LHCf

  10. LHCf

  11. Inclusive g spectrum at 7 TeV Gray hatch : Systematic Errors Magenta hatch: MC Statistical errors Data MC/Data O. Adriani Latest results from LHCf Cern, July 12, 2012

  12. Inclusive g spectrum at 7 TeV Gray hatch : Systematic Errors Magenta hatch: MC Statistical errors Data None of the Models agrees with the data! These measurement are important to improve the hadronic interaction models in the high energy region MC/Data O. Adriani Latest results from LHCf Cern, July 12, 2012

  13. New Era • Impacts from the new results on colliders • High Precision Era: • Electron spectra • Antimatter spectra • Cosmic ray spectra using calorimeters (E<100TeV) • High statistics Era: • Anisotropy at different scales (E<100TeV and above ) • High altitude multi-parameter measurement complex array in near future • CR composition: • Still challenging but hopeful with LHC • Multi-parameter particle identification technique • Energy scale for ground based experiments

  14. High Precision EraCosmic Ray Spectrum Measurements- calibrated calorimeter at test beams - multi-parameter particle identification technique (ATIC)Advanced Thin Ionization Calorimeter

  15. Milagro: On different scales, there exist different structures of anisotropy High statistics Era: Anisotropy Tibet YBJ CR Observatory (1992-2010,ASγand ARGO-YBJ) 0.7TeV 1.5TeV 4TeV 4TeV 6TeV 12TeV 50TeV 300TeV

  16. All sky coverage? ARGO-YBJ+IceCube IceTop: there seems to be anisotropy at 2PeV (medium E) at a similar level of 0.2-0.3%

  17. Kascade hadronic calorimeter Composition: multi-parameter measurements

  18. Summary on CRs at the knees:Consistency and great details bridging the space-borne and ground based Anchoring! --T.Gaisser

  19. An array at the highest possible altitude is desirable to determine the chemical composition in the energy range overlapping with balloon experiments (10 TeV – PeV). At present, the planned LHAASO experiment in China seems to come closest to this requirement.

  20. ARGO-YBJ at 4300m a.s.l. serves as the first ring of a chain from the anchor to the surface

  21. Energy scale calibration of ARGO-YBJ N N ≈ 21 · (ETeV/Z)1.5 1 – 30 (TeV/Z) • Two systematic uncertainties may affect the Multiplicity-Energy relation: • the assumed primary CR chemical composition (7%) • the uncertainties of different hadronic models (12%) (LHCf will helpful!) The energy scale error is estimated to be smaller than 13% in the energy range 1 – 30 (TeV/Z). CRIS Workshop 2010 G. Di Sciascio 22

  22. Reconstructed Energy distribution • 100TeV – 800 TeV, with contamination • of heavy component less than 7.2% • Survival probability: • -- Proton 43% • -- Helium 31% 100TeV-10peV

  23. CR play for 100 yrs • Tremendous contributions had been made world wide: Europe, Russia, US, Japan …

  24. Building a new stage of 4300m tall • 1B CNY • New sceneries, new actors and actresses

  25. TUNKA on top of LHAASO-KM2A for high energy extension (>1016eV) IPNO /LALon ASIC electronics for LHAASO ARGO upgrading for low energy extension International Collaboration for LHAASO More ideas, more collaborators Everybody is invited!

  26. Important extension: Morphology survey of sources at high Altitude(idea by the Magic Coll.

  27. Summary • LHC is and will be very helpful • For CR: High precision era • High statistics era • Multi-parameter era • Composition: still challenging but hopeful • Energy scale could be tightened with co-sited measurements with various technologies

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