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COS 125

COS 125. DAY 18. Agenda. Assignment #5 Corrected 6 A’s, 2 B’s, 3 C’s 4 non-submits Assignment #6 Due April 7 Next Capstone Progress Report Due April 7 WebSite for text book http://www.cookwood.com/html5ed/ Lecture/Discuss Formatting With Styles. Learning Objectives.

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COS 125

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  1. COS 125 DAY 18

  2. Agenda • Assignment #5 Corrected • 6 A’s, 2 B’s, 3 C’s 4 non-submits • Assignment #6 Due April 7 • Next Capstone Progress Report Due April 7 • WebSite for text book • http://www.cookwood.com/html5ed/ • Lecture/Discuss Formatting With Styles

  3. Learning Objectives • Understand how to set a style for a font family • Describe how to embed fonts on a page • Understand how to write style rules to make text in italics, in bold, in varying sizes, and with varying line height. • Understand how to control tracking and kerning, white space and text alignment • Understand how to write font styles in shorthand • Review how to set text Color and text background • Understand how to use both positive and negative indents • Learn to change text case, create small caps and use text decorations

  4. Formatting with Styles • Allows for more possibilities than xHTML formatting • Separate Format from Content • Examples of everything in this lecture available at http://perleybrook.umfk.maine.edu/samples/StyleFormat.htm

  5. Choosing a font family • Not all fonts are available on all PCs • Allows you a pick of group of possible fonts to use • There is no limit to the names of fonts you can use for a font-family group • Font name will be tried in the order given until one of the fonts is available to browser • Selector {font-family:“font 1”, “font 2”, “default font”} • Generic fonts for default • serif, sans-serif, cursive, fantasy and monospace • Example • h1{font-family:“Times New Roman”, serif} • H2{font-family:“courier”, “helvetica”, sans-serif}

  6. Embedding Fonts on a Page • Force browser to use a font you choose • Must make font available to Browser • Use the following before your refer to “yourFont” • @font-face{font-family:”yourFont” src: url(font.eot)} • You must create the *.eot file with special program • http://www.microsoft.com/typography/web/embedding/weft3/default.htm?fname=%20&fsize • Doesn’t work with all browsers • Advice: Don’t bother.. • Too much effort with little results • Create a transparent gif instead

  7. Creating Italics • Use to Italicize fonts • selector { font-style:italic} • Can also use oblique for fonts that do not have a italicize version • To remove italics • Selector {font-style:normal} • Example • .emph{font-style:italic} • h3{font-family:sans-serif, font-style:oblique}

  8. Applying Bold Formatting • Allows you to vary boldness of text • selector{font-weight:bold} • Can also use “bolder” or “lighter” • Can also use a multiple of 100 to 900 • 400 is normal • 700 is bold • Can also set to “normal” • Examples • h1{font-weight:normal} • em{font-weight:800}

  9. Setting Font Size • Two methods • Specific Font size • Selector{font-size:18px} • Size in pixels • keywords xx-small, x-small, small, medium, large, x-large or xx-large • Relative to parent • Selector{font-size:2em or 200%} • 1em = 100%, .75em = 75% • Keywords larger or smaller • Examples • h1{font-size:25px} • p{font-size:90%}

  10. Setting Line Height • Sets the amount of space between lines • Selector{line-height:2 or 150% or 18px} • In pixels use 18px • For percentage above font size in line use 150% • For twice font size use 2

  11. Setting all Font values at once • Use the property font: • First set font-style (italic, oblique or normal) • Then set font-weight (normal, bold, bolder, lighter or n*100) • Then set small caps (normal small-caps) • The above 3 can be omitted, if so they are set to normal • Type font size • If desired /N where N is line-height • Then type in font-family values • Examples • h1{font:italic,bold,small-caps, 20px, “Arial”, serif} • h2{font: 20px/150%, “Times New Roman”, serif}

  12. Setting the Text Color • Sets the color of the text • Selector{color: blue or #0000ff or rgb(0,0,255) or rgb(0%, 0% 100%)} • Value can be one of 16 predefined colors • #rrggbb hexidecimal • rgb(r,g,b) where each letter is 0-255 • rgb(r%,g%,b%) where each each letter is 0-100 • Examples • h1{color:red} • h1{color:#aabbff} • h1{color:rgb(128,128,255) • h1{color:rgb(50%,50%,100%)

  13. Changing the Text’s Background • Each element can have a background color or image • Selector{backgound:blue or #0000FF} • Can also set to “transparent” • Can also be set to an image using url(image.gif) • Type “repeat” to tile • “Repeat-x” or “repeat-y” to tile direction only • no-repeat to prevent tiling • Fixed or scroll to determine whether background moves with element • Can also to a specific location using X Y • Examples • body{background:blue} • body{background:url(picture.gif) repeat fixed) • p{background:url(picture.gif) repeat scroll) • body{background:url(picture.gif) fixed x=center, y=center)

  14. Controlling spacing • Spacing between words (tracking) • Selector{word-spacing:length) • Spacing between letter (kerning) • Selector{letter-spacing:length) • Length can be • Size in pixels 16px 20px • “normal” for default browser setting • Relative to parent length 1em 1.4em • Examples • p{word-spacing:1.3em,letter-spacing:12px)

  15. Adding indents • Indentation is how much space before first line in paragraph • p{text-indent:lenght} • Length can be • Size in pixels 16px 20px • 0 for no indent • Relative to parent length 1em 1.4em • Negative number for “hanging” indent

  16. Setting White Space Properties • With spaces (blanks and returns) in xHTML are ignored or displayed as a single space • You can use white-space property to modify that behavior • Selector{white-space:pre or nowrap or normal} • pre shows all space (preformatted) • nowrap ignores returns • normal is default behavior • Example • p{white-space:pre}

  17. Aligning Text • Allows you to align text for certain elements • May effect spacing • Selector{text-align:left or right or justify or center} • Left means align to left border • Right means align to right border • Justify means align top both borders • Center means align to center of screen • Examples • h1{text-align:center} • p{text-align:justify}

  18. Changing text case • Can change text from uppercase to lowercase or vice versa or capitalize first letter of each word • Selector{text-transform:capitalize or uppercase or lowercase} • Examples • h1{text-transform:capitalize) • h2{text-transform:uppercase} • small{text-transform:lowercase}

  19. Using Small Caps • Some fonts have smaller versions of uppercase letters • Selector{font-variant:small-caps} • Example • h2{font-variant:small-caps)

  20. Decorating Text • Lets you modify text with underlines, overlines, lines through text and blinking • Selector{text-decoration: value} • “value” can • underline • overline • line-through • blink • Examples • h1{text-decoration:blink} • h1{text-decoration:underline} • Blink does not work with all browsers

  21. Tips for Assignment #6 • For assignment #6 I gave you a xHTML page with lots of texts and various elements • You cannot modify the xHTML page • You will have create several different style sheets to format this page • Style sheets will be IAW formatting rules I give • You will have to produce a menu that shows the same pages formatted with each different style sheet

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