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Biodiesel Chemistry

Explore the organic chemistry behind biodiesel, from triglycerides and esters to transesterification reactions. Learn about the conversion of fats and oils into biodiesel through acid catalysis and neutralization processes. Discover the molecular structures and mechanisms involved in producing this sustainable fuel.

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Biodiesel Chemistry

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  1. Biodiesel Chemistry By: Ming Chai Ph.D. and Sean Hayden 30-70-9001_19a00 Last update: 06-13-2019

  2. Organic Chemistry Octane (one main compound in gasoline) Methane (Natural gas) Diesel: hydrocarbons with 15-25 carbon atoms and aromatics Benzene (aromatics) 30-70-9001_19a00 Last update: 06-13-2019

  3. Organic Chemistry Alcohol: Methanol (MeOH) One typical fatty acid Free fatty acid (FFA) Acid: R represents long carbon chain Ester: Biodiesel: mixture of methyl esters (most common), 16 or 18 carbon atoms with different degrees of unsaturation 30-70-9001_19a00 Last update: 06-13-2019

  4. Triglyceride (oils and fats) • Triglycerides widely exist in plants and animals, common name oils and fats • Esters contain 3 fatty acids bonded to a “backbone of glycerol” 30-70-9001_19a00 Last update: 06-13-2019

  5. Biodiesel reactions Triglycerides ~ 90% ~10% Free Fatty Acids 30-70-9001_19a00 Last update: 06-13-2019

  6. Acid catalyzed esterification (AE) Theoretically, or stoichiometrically, 1 FFA reacts with 1 MeOH Why do we want to convert FFA? - yield loss - soap formation affects following steps 30-70-9001_19a00 Last update: 06-13-2019

  7. Neutralization 30-70-9001_19a00 Last update: 06-13-2019

  8. AE Neutralization Both are salts and we have seen their build up in P110, E109, and T107. 30-70-9001_19a00 Last update: 06-13-2019

  9. Saponification Saponification is a process that involves conversion of fat or oil into soap and alcohol by the action of heat in the presence of aqueous alkali. Hydrolysis: the cleavage of chemical bonds by the addition of water. The shown reaction is with NaOH but will happen just a readily with SMO (CH3ONa) 30-70-9001_19a00 Last update: 06-13-2019

  10. Biodiesel reactions Triglycerides ~ 90% ~10% Biodiesel 30-70-9001_19a00 Last update: 06-13-2019

  11. Transesterification While actually a multi-step process, the overall reaction looks like this: 100 gallons of feedstock ----------------------------------- 103.2 gallons of bio 30-70-9001_19a00 Last update: 06-13-2019

  12. Molecular Structure in the reaction 30-70-9001_19a00 Last update: 06-13-2019

  13. Reaction Mechanism Methanol 30-70-9001_19a00 Last update: 06-13-2019

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