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Biodiesel Chemistry

Biodiesel Chemistry. By: Ming Chai Ph.D. and Sean Hayden. 30-70-9001_19a00 Last update: 06-13-2019. Organic Chemistry. Octane (one main compound in gasoline). Methane (Natural gas). Diesel: hydrocarbons with 15-25 carbon atoms and aromatics. Benzene (aromatics).

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Biodiesel Chemistry

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  1. Biodiesel Chemistry By: Ming Chai Ph.D. and Sean Hayden 30-70-9001_19a00 Last update: 06-13-2019

  2. Organic Chemistry Octane (one main compound in gasoline) Methane (Natural gas) Diesel: hydrocarbons with 15-25 carbon atoms and aromatics Benzene (aromatics) 30-70-9001_19a00 Last update: 06-13-2019

  3. Organic Chemistry Alcohol: Methanol (MeOH) One typical fatty acid Free fatty acid (FFA) Acid: R represents long carbon chain Ester: Biodiesel: mixture of methyl esters (most common), 16 or 18 carbon atoms with different degrees of unsaturation 30-70-9001_19a00 Last update: 06-13-2019

  4. Triglyceride (oils and fats) • Triglycerides widely exist in plants and animals, common name oils and fats • Esters contain 3 fatty acids bonded to a “backbone of glycerol” 30-70-9001_19a00 Last update: 06-13-2019

  5. Biodiesel reactions Triglycerides ~ 90% ~10% Free Fatty Acids 30-70-9001_19a00 Last update: 06-13-2019

  6. Acid catalyzed esterification (AE) Theoretically, or stoichiometrically, 1 FFA reacts with 1 MeOH Why do we want to convert FFA? - yield loss - soap formation affects following steps 30-70-9001_19a00 Last update: 06-13-2019

  7. Neutralization 30-70-9001_19a00 Last update: 06-13-2019

  8. AE Neutralization Both are salts and we have seen their build up in P110, E109, and T107. 30-70-9001_19a00 Last update: 06-13-2019

  9. Saponification Saponification is a process that involves conversion of fat or oil into soap and alcohol by the action of heat in the presence of aqueous alkali. Hydrolysis: the cleavage of chemical bonds by the addition of water. The shown reaction is with NaOH but will happen just a readily with SMO (CH3ONa) 30-70-9001_19a00 Last update: 06-13-2019

  10. Biodiesel reactions Triglycerides ~ 90% ~10% Biodiesel 30-70-9001_19a00 Last update: 06-13-2019

  11. Transesterification While actually a multi-step process, the overall reaction looks like this: 100 gallons of feedstock ----------------------------------- 103.2 gallons of bio 30-70-9001_19a00 Last update: 06-13-2019

  12. Molecular Structure in the reaction 30-70-9001_19a00 Last update: 06-13-2019

  13. Reaction Mechanism Methanol 30-70-9001_19a00 Last update: 06-13-2019

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