JUST-IN-CASE Training for a Public Health Emergency

1. JUST-IN-CASE Training for a Public Health Emergency School of Nursing University of Texas at Austin 2011

2. Speakers • Trish O’Day, MSN, RN • Public Health Nursing Faculty • Katrina and Ike vet • Community and Rural Health, Texas Department of Health • Medicaid Managed Care, Texas Department of Health • Linda Chambers, MPH, RN • Public Health Nursing faculty • Lt. Col. (ret.) USAF, BSC • Public Health Officer, US Air Force • TX Smallpox Vaccination Program Coordinator, Texas Department of Health

3. Firsthand from Haiti

4. Topics • UT and the UTSON have a disaster plan. • We have to understand it. • Disaster Basics 101 • We have formed partnerships: • City of Austin and the University of Texas • Nursing, Pharmacy, Social Work • All RNs should have disaster preparedness skills. • We hope you will volunteer in your community.

5. What is a Disaster?

6. What is a Disaster? • Destructive event that overwhelms all available resources.

7. Types of Disasters • Natural • With warning • Without warning • Man-made • Unintentional • Intentional • Criminal • Terrorism • Weapons of Mass Destruction

8. Phases of Emergency Management

9. Emergency Management System • National Incident Management System (NIMS) - A federal response plan, Presidential declaration in response to state and local requests. • Incident Command System (ICS)

10. Function Transportation Communication Public Works Fire Suppression Information Planning Mass Care Resource Support Health/Medical Urban search/rescue HAZMAT Food services Energy Responsible Agency Dept of Transportation National Communication Center USA Corps of Engineers Dept of Agriculture FEMA American Red Cross Government Services Agency Dept of Health and Human Services FEMA Environmental Protection Agency Dept of Agriculture Dept of Energy Federal Response Plan

12. Key Questions for RNs, need to consider BEFORE a disaster • What will I need? • What do I have? • What can I get and who knows? • What if I can’t get what I need? • How do I stretch what I have? • How do I decide who gets what I have? • Do I stay or do I go? • Am I part of the solution or part of the problem?

13. Key Questions for RNs, need to consider BEFORE a disaster Important Resources: • Altered Standards of Care in Mass Casualty Events (AHRQ) • Providing Mass Medical Care with Scarce Resources (AHRQ)

14. Emergency Management Plan Hurricane Plan Considerations for Mass Sheltering Infectious Disease Plan (previously known as Pandemic Flu Plan) The University has a disaster response plan.

15. Memorandum of Cooperation: UT & City of Austin Health Dept • Collaborative Agreement • In public health emergency, Austin will take the lead • Campus Safety & Security @ UT • Deans for Schools will be contacted • Disaster Mobilization Plan of the Schools may be deployed

16. School of Nursing Template • Committee Structure • Disaster Mobilization Plan • Call-up Process • Your role at SON

17. Your expected role: Prevention of Disease • Assist in disease surveillance • Distribute public stocks of drugs and vaccines • Prevent local disease transmission using containment strategies • Prepare educational campaigns to reduce disease spread

18. Your expected role: Mass Sheltering • Psychological first aid • Assistance with ADLs; minor first aid • Basic screening triage (vitals, medical history, chief complaints, some specialized care) • Disease surveillance-prevent spread of communicable disease

19. How is the shelter organized? What are the needs of the sheltered residents? oSafety oFood/Water oHygiene oAssistance to transition to another setting Preventing the spread of disease oHand-washing oDisinfection oSeparation of residents oSurveillance and Monitoring Mass Shelters

20. What kinds of health care are provided? oFirst Aid oPrimary Care oMedication Issues oTransport to another setting oReferral Mass Shelters

21. Special or Vulnerable Populations oCognitively Impaired oMorbidly Obese oMentally Ill oPersons with Addictions oPregnant oMobility Impaired oFrail Elderly oChildren Medical Special Needs Shelter

22. Hurricane Ike: Shelter in Austin Texas

23. THE WORLD HAS CHANGED

24. Man-Made Disasters: CBRNE • Chemical Terrorism • Biological Terrorism • Radiological Terrorism • Nuclear Terrorism • Explosives (high yield)

25. RadiologicalNuclear Terrorism

26. Chemical Terrorism Ricin Las Vegas 2008 Tokyo Sarin Gas Attack 1995 Tokyo underground Mustard Gas

27. Explosives (high yield)

28. Bioterrorism

29. Epidemiological Clues Key: Look for change or trend in your population baseline When you hear hoof beats, think of a horse, but don’t rule out a zebra

30. The Point • Many biological agents have been weaponized • Biological agents have been used multiple times in the past as weapons • Bioterrorism has occurred several times already in the United States • Biological agents will be used again • Healthcare workers must be prepared!

31. Category A Critical Agents • Anthrax • Botulism (toxin) • Plague • Smallpox • Tularemia • Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers

32. Category A AgentAnthrax CDC: gram stain of B. anthracis History of Anthrax

33. Cutaneous Anthrax Day 6 Day 4 Vesicle Development Day 2 Eschar formation Day 10

34. Mediastinal Widening JAMA 1999;281:1735–1745

35. Category A AgentPlague CDC: Wayson’s Stain of Y. pestis showing bipolar staining History of Plague

36. Plague Bubonic Pneumonic Image: Armstrong & Cohen USAMRICD: Inguinal/femoral buboes

37. Category A AgentSmallpox

38. Smallpox Day 8 Day 4 Day 2

39. SmallpoxChickenpox Photo courtesy of CDC Photo courtesy of CDC PHIL

40. Tularemia (“Rabbit Fever”) Francisella tularensis Route of infection: Tick and fly bites, infected animals, inhalation Presentation • Incubation period: 1 to 21 days • Acute febrile illness with severe generalized weakness • Pneumonia in 80% • May have conjunctivitis or skin ulcers with swollen lymph nodes No person-to-person transmission USAMRICD: Pneumonic infiltrates of pneumonic tularemia

41. Seventeen-Year Old Patient with Mild Botulism History of Botulism

42. Category A AgentViral Hemorrhagic Fever CDC: Electron micrograph of Ebola virus

43. Bolivian Hemorrhagic Fever Marburg Disease

44. How can I remember all these diseases?(S-A-F-E-T-Y) • S: skin rash with fever Smallpox • A: acute pulmonary syndrome with fever Anthrax and plague • F: flu like syndrome with fever Tularemia and SARS • E: excessive bleeding Viral hemorrhagic fevers • T: toxin effect without fever Botulism • Y: Your personal safety and the safety of your community depend on recognition and awareness

45. Public Health & Hospital Responsibilities How can healthcare professionals contribute to public health preparedness?

46. Public Health Disease surveillance Respond to outbreaks Investigation Control and prevention Laboratory support Participate in planning activities Training Hospitals/HCW Disease reporting Immediately notify public health of unusual group expressions of illness or outbreaks State laboratory utilization Participate in planning activities Exercise plans Training Roles and Responsibilities:PRE-EVENTPublic Health Emergency

47. Public Health Implement notification Activate/deploy staff Implement response plans/guidelines Provide treatment & control recommendations Conduct investigations Implement control measures Mass vaccination/prophylaxis Provide/coordinate health related information Healthcare workers Public Media Hospitals/HCWs Implement notification Activate staff Implement response plans/guidelines Coordinate efforts with public health Provide care Coordinate health related information Public health Public Media Roles and Responsibilities:DURING a Public Health Emergency

48. Public Health Evaluate response Review after-action reports Coordinate & implement changes to plans & procedures Implement recovery plans Hospitals/HCWs Evaluate response Review after-action reports Coordinate & implement changes to plans & procedures Implement recovery plans Roles and Responsibilities:POST-EVENTPublic Health Emergency

49. http://www.citizencorps.gov/cert/about.shtm http://www.austinhsem.com/go/site/2333/ • Disaster Preparedness • Fire safety • Rescue safety - Light search and rescue • Disaster psychology, team organization • Disaster medical operations - simple triage, rapid treatment, head to toe assessment

50. https://tx.train.org/DesktopShell.aspx?tabid=1