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International Law and the Use of Force. The Laws of War. I. The “Laws of War” Prior to WWI. A. Jus in bello: justice in war B. 18 th and 19 th Centuries 1. changes in the “art” of war 2. rules: to contain war 3. professionalize the army. C. Early Customs & Rules of War
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International Law and the Use of Force The Laws of War
I. The “Laws of War” Prior to WWI • A. Jus in bello: justice in war • B. 18th and 19th Centuries • 1. changes in the “art” of war • 2. rules: to contain war • 3. professionalize the army
C. Early Customs & Rules of War • 1. Conduct of occupying troops • 2. Respect for civilians—including the rights of noncombatant civilians of enemy countries
D. 18th Century Philosophers • Jeremy Betham • Jean-Jacques Rousseau • E. The Lieber Code -1863 • General Orders No. 100
F. Geneva and Hague Conventions • 1864: Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded in Armies in the Field • 1906: Red Cross Convention • 1899: Convention with Respect to the Laws and Customs of War on Land (Hague) • 1907: 2nd Hague Convention on the laws of land warfare • 1907: 8 Naval Conventions • 1914: U.S. Army Field Manual: “The Law of Land Warfare”