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急性呼吸窘迫综合征的新定义

急性呼吸窘迫综合征的新定义. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome The Berlin Definition JAMA, Published online May 21, 2012. ARDS 概念的转变. 1967 年 Ashbaugh 第一次提出了 成人呼吸窘迫综合征( ARDS ) 1. 呼吸频率增快 2. 低氧血症 3. 肺顺应性下降 4. 常规呼吸支持治疗效果较差. Acute respiratory distress in adults. Lancet. 1967 ; 2(7511):319-323.

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急性呼吸窘迫综合征的新定义

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  1. 急性呼吸窘迫综合征的新定义 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome The Berlin Definition JAMA, Published online May 21, 2012

  2. ARDS概念的转变 1967年Ashbaugh第一次提出了成人呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS) 1.呼吸频率增快 2.低氧血症 3.肺顺应性下降 4.常规呼吸支持治疗效果较差 Acute respiratory distress in adults. Lancet. 1967; 2(7511):319-323

  3. ARDS概念的转变 1994年欧美会议共识(AECC)ARDS诊断标准: 1.病程:急性起病 2.低氧血症:PaO2/FiO2≤200mmHg 3.胸片:双肺弥漫性浸润 4.没有左心房高压的证据,PAWP≤18mmHg ALI诊断标准: PaO2/FiO2≤300mmHg The American-European Consensus Conference on ARDS. Definitions, mechanisms, relevant outcomes, and clinical trial coordination. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1994

  4. AECC诊断标准的局限 氧合指数(PaO2/FiO2)一定是这样吗?

  5. AECC诊断标准的局限 Relation between PaO2/FIO2 ratio and FIO2: a mathematical description. Intensive Care Med. 2006 Oct;32(10):1494-7

  6. Interobserver variation in interpreting chest radiographs for the diagnosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med2000; 161:85–90

  7. Comparison of clinical criteria for the acute respiratory distress syndrome with autopsy findings. Ann Intern Med. 2004 Sep 21;141(6):440-5.

  8. AECC诊断标准的局限

  9. Method 成员:由欧洲危重病协会的3名主席,挑选欧洲及北美从事ARDS诊治具有地域代表性的专家 起草过程: 1.搜集近年来公布的大规模多中心或者小样本单中心的前瞻性研究,这些研究提供了各种临床指标及影像学资料用于判断符合AECC标准。 2.讨论及确定各种辅助性指标对ARDS诊断的价值及意义 3.评价修订的ARDS诊断标准的临床效应。

  10. Timing 危险因素: 脓毒症、创伤、吸入等 诊断ARDS时间点:1W内 Clinical risks for development of the acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995; 151:293.

  11. 胸部影像学改变 1.仍然认定双肺浸润改变诊断ARDS 2.可以行CT检查较胸片更准确 3.病变累及的范围(≥3/4肺野)可能作为重度ARDS诊断的附加标准

  12. 肺水肿的起因 29%ARDS患者PAWP≥18mmHg(或CVP升高), 而其中97%PAWP升高的ARDS患者中有正常的心脏功能。结论:PAWP或CVP升高不能作为ARDS的排除标准。 Pulmonary-artery versus central venous catheter to guide treatment of acute lung injury. N Engl J Med. 2006 May 25;354(21):2213-24.

  13. 氧合指数(PaO2/FiO2)的判定 对象:170例符合AECC诊断标准的ARDS患者 PaO2/FiO2=128.6 ± 33.3 方法:分别在研究开始(day0)及研究24h(day1)时间点 给予不同的机械通气条件30min,重新评价是否符合ARDS 1. FiO2≥0.5 PEEP ≥5 2. FiO2≥0.5 PEEP ≥10 3. FiO2=1 PEEP ≥5 4. FiO2=1 PEEP ≥10 An early PEEP/FIO2 trial identifies different degrees of lung injury in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2007 Oct 15;176(8):795-804.

  14. 氧合指数(PaO2/FiO2)的判定

  15. 结论:适当的PEEP(≥5或10 )及FIO2可以明显影响PaO2/FiO2,可以重新判断ARDS, PEEP ≥10可能作为重度ARDS的附加标准 氧合指数(PaO2/FiO2)的判定 在(day1)时间点FiO2≥0.5 PEEP ≥10 30min条件下 分辨出的ARDS, ALI, ARF PaO2/FiO2的改善也截然不同。(p<0.001)

  16. 其它附加指标 • CRS≤40ml/cmH2O • 或VECORR>10L/min • 可能作为重度ARDS诊断的附加标准

  17. 附加标准诊断重度ARDS有效性 注:1.所有患者有胸部影像学改变,最终标准仍然需要PPEP ≥5cmH2O下评定 2.a P<0.001新标准评定的分级,随着ARDS程度加重,死亡率明显增加。 3.b P=0.97 草案(附加标准)与最终标准评定出的重度ARDS死亡率无差异 结论:重度ARDS诊断PPEP ≥5cmH2OPaO2/FiO2≤100mmHg

  18. The Berlin Definition

  19. Berlin标准的有效性 Berlin:1. ARDS严重程度越高,死亡率越高 2. ARDS严重程度越高,脱离呼吸机时间越短 3. ARDS严重程度越高,呼吸机使用时间越长 比较AECC标准,Berlin能更有效、细化ARDS的严重程度,为ARDS的诊断及预后划定标准。

  20. Thank You !

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