THE PROBLEM WITH FINE PARTICLES- HOW TO ASSESS AND FIX IT! Rod Truce Indigo Technologies rod@indigotechnologies.com.au

1. THE PROBLEM WITH FINE PARTICLES-HOW TO ASSESS AND FIX IT!Rod TruceIndigo Technologiesrod@indigotechnologies.com.au AWMA SE Regional Conference - 2008

2. IMPACT OF FINE PARTICLES ON VISIBILITY AWMA SE Regional Conference - 2008

3. TYPICAL MASS AND OPACITY VERSUS PARTICLE SIZE AT ESP OUTLET AWMA SE Regional Conference - 2008

4. IMPACT OF PM2.5 ON VISIBILITY The procedure for making personal observation to estimate the PM2.5 level for local areas without official monitors is: 1. Face away from the sun. • Determine the limit of your visible range by looking for targets at known distance (miles). • Visible range is that point at which even high contrast objects totally disappear. 3. Use the values above to determine the local PM2.5 level and health category. AWMA SE Regional Conference - 2008

5. Premature death; Respiratory related hospital admissions and emergency room visits; Aggravated asthma; Acute respiratory symptoms, including aggravated coughing and difficult or painful breathing; Chronic bronchitis; Decreased lung function that can be experienced as shortness of breath; Work and school absences; Greatly reduced visibility. IMPACT OF FINE PARTICLES ON HEALTHwww.epa.gov/ttn/oarpg/naaqsfin/pmhealth.html AWMA SE Regional Conference - 2008

6. EPA AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDSAnnual Average 15ug/m3Daily Average reduced from 65ug/m3 to 35ug/m3 • Save 15 000 lives per year; • Reduce hospital admissions by thousands each year due to reduced heart and lung diseases; • Improved visibility. AWMA SE Regional Conference - 2008

7. IMPACT OF PM2.5 ON HEALTH AWMA SE Regional Conference - 2008

8. LUNG PENETRATION AWMA SE Regional Conference - 2008

9. Major Elements (>0.05% Concentration) AWMA SE Regional Conference - 2008

10. Trace Elements (<0.05% Concentration) AWMA SE Regional Conference - 2008

11. Volatile Elements AWMA SE Regional Conference - 2008

12. Carbon in Ash AWMA SE Regional Conference - 2008

13. OPACITY DRIVEN BY PARTICLES < 2.5UM DO YOU KNOW YOUR OPACITY? MASS DRIVEN BY PARTICLES > 2.5UM DO YOU KNOW YOUR MASS EMISSION? DO YOU HAVE A FINE PARTICLE EMISSION PROBLEM? AWMA SE Regional Conference - 2008

14. AWMA SE Regional Conference - 2008

15. THE INDIGO FPCSystem (FINE PARTICLE CONTROL SYSTEM)A PROVEN TECHNOLOGYFOR REDUCING VISIBLE EMISSIONSFROM ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATORS AWMA SE Regional Conference - 2008

16. FINE PARTICLES (PM2.5) REMOVEDUSING INDIGO FPCSystem REMOVAL EFFICIENCY >90% BY NUMBER AWMA SE Regional Conference - 2008

17. Treats the dust prior to entering the Electrostatic Precipitator Uses fluidic (FAP) and electrostatic (BEAP) forces to attach the fine particles to the larger, easily collected particles The Bi-Polar Charger charges half the dust positively and the other half negatively Fine negative particles are selectively mixed with the large positive particles and large negative particles with fine positive particles When a fine particle comes close to an oppositely charged large particle, it is attracted and attaches to the large particle How Does The Indigo FPCSystem Work? AWMA SE Regional Conference - 2008

18. THE INDIGO FPCSystem AWMA SE Regional Conference - 2008

19. FLUIDIC AGGLOMERATION PROCESS AWMA SE Regional Conference - 2008

20. INDIGO FPCSystem AT PLANT WATSON AWMA SE Regional Conference - 2008

21. ESP FINE PARTICLE COLLECTION EFFICENCY AWMA SE Regional Conference - 2008

22. Impact of ESP Efficiency on Particle Size AWMA SE Regional Conference - 2008

23. ESP and FF FINE PARTICLE EMISSIONS% OF DUST EMITTED TO THE ATMOSPHERE VRS PARTICLE SIZE AWMA SE Regional Conference - 2008

24. OPACITY FOR TYPICAL MASS VERSUS PARTICLE SIZE AT ESP OUTLET AWMA SE Regional Conference - 2008

25. EMERALD COAL SLIP AT WATSON AWMA SE Regional Conference - 2008

26. MEASUREMENT A PASS B PASS REDUCTION OPACITY% 13.2 2.3 83% PARTICULATE Grains/Act. Cubic Ft. 0.0136 0.0082 40% Mg/m3 31.3 18.8 FLOW Actual Cubic Ft/Min 443 609 406 455 M3/min 12 563 11 511 GAS TEMPERATURE Degrees F. 269 261 Degrees C. 132 127 WATSON ESP OUTLET TESTS EMERALD COAL AWMA SE Regional Conference - 2008

27. OPACITY FOR LOW MASS VERSUS PARTICLE SIZE AT ESP OUTLET AWMA SE Regional Conference - 2008

28. HAMMOND PARTICLE SIZE COMPARISON AWMA SE Regional Conference - 2008

29. MEASUREMENT UNIT 2UNIT 3 REDUCTION PARTICULATE Grains/Act. Cubic Ft. 0.0038 0.0015 60% Mg/m3 8.7 3.45 60% FLOW Actual Cubic Ft/Min 540,000 486,000 GAS TEMPERATURE Degrees F. 261 253 HAMMOND STACK TESTS OCTOBER 2004 AWMA SE Regional Conference - 2008

30. ESP OUTLET PARTICLE SIZE SPMS AND PCSV DATA AWMA SE Regional Conference - 2008

31. DUST EMISSION VRS PARTICLE SIZE AWMA SE Regional Conference - 2008

32. TARONG HOPPER PARTICLE SIZE AWMA SE Regional Conference - 2008

33. Volatile Elements AWMA SE Regional Conference - 2008

34. TARONG ARSENIC CONCENTRATION IN THE ASHVRS MEDIAN DIAMETER AWMA SE Regional Conference - 2008

35. Carbon in Ash AWMA SE Regional Conference - 2008

36. EFFECT OF UNBURNT CARBONAT PLANT WATSON AWMA SE Regional Conference - 2008

37. Volatile Elements AWMA SE Regional Conference - 2008

38. MERCURY REMOVAL RESULTSAT PLANT WATSON AWMA SE Regional Conference - 2008

39. RECENT TEST RESULTSAT PLANT WATSON AWMA SE Regional Conference - 2008

40. IS THE INDIGO FPCSystem (FINE PARTICLE CONTROL SYSTEM)THE SOLUTION TO YOUR FINE PARTICLE PROBLEM? AWMA SE Regional Conference - 2008

41. AWMA SE Regional Conference - 2008

42. REDUCED PM2.5 EMISSIONS REDUCED HEAVY METAL EMISSIONS INCREASED ADSORBSION AND COLLECTION OF MERCURY BY THE SORBENTS, SUCH AS SOOT, FORMED IN THE COMBUSTION PROCESS LOW COST TECHNOLOGY THAT PROVIDES MEANS FOR COMPLING WITH CURRENT AND FUTURE PM2.5 AND HAZADOUS AIR TOXIN EMISSION REQUIREMENTS CONCLUSIONTHE Indigo FPCSystem PROVIDES AWMA SE Regional Conference - 2008