The PAI Approach of the Surveying Administration Brandenburg

1. The PAI Approach of the Surveying Administration Brandenburg Frank Gielsdorf TU Berlin Eckhardt Seyfert Surveying Administration Brandenburg

2. Overview • Why is PAI an adjustment problem? • Why is PAI a topological problem? • The process of geometrical updating • Pilot project Brandenburg Frank Gielsdorf, Eckhardt Seyfert: The PAI Approach of the Surveying Administration Brandenburg

3. Principle of Adjacent Points d7 d8 d9 d4 d5 d1 d2 d6 d3 0 x Error Propagation Frank Gielsdorf, Eckhardt Seyfert: The PAI Approach of the Surveying Administration Brandenburg

4. Absolute and Relative Accuracy Covariance Matrix of x-Values Cxx Standard Deviation of d8 Wrong Approach Right Approach Frank Gielsdorf, Eckhardt Seyfert: The PAI Approach of the Surveying Administration Brandenburg

5. Adjustment Neglecting the Correlations GPS GPS GPS Observations: GPS Coordinates GIS Coordinates Violation of Neighborhood Relationships x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 ! ! ! 0 Frank Gielsdorf, Eckhardt Seyfert: The PAI Approach of the Surveying Administration Brandenburg

6. Adjustment Neglecting the Correlations Differences of Similiarity Transformation and Proximity Fitting Transformation parameters Observations = Local coordinatese.g. Helmert (4PT) oder Affine (6PT) Observations = Coordinate differences(performed by Delaunay triangulation) Frank Gielsdorf, Eckhardt Seyfert: The PAI Approach of the Surveying Administration Brandenburg

7. Adjustment Considering the Correlations GPS GPS GPS d56 Observations: GPS coordinates GIS coordinate differences (pseudo observations) x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Frank Gielsdorf, Eckhardt Seyfert: The PAI Approach of the Surveying Administration Brandenburg

8. Example for PAI Adjustment Frank Gielsdorf, Eckhardt Seyfert: The PAI Approach of the Surveying Administration Brandenburg

9. Integration of Geodesic Measurements - 14.36 - - 20.08 - 12.14 10.95 4.76 7.88 35.22 28.37 21.46 17.12 Membrane Triangles Collinear Orthogonal Parallel Circle Continuities Global Coordinates Local Coordinates Distances Frank Gielsdorf, Eckhardt Seyfert: The PAI Approach of the Surveying Administration Brandenburg

10. Geometry and Topology Neglected Topology Neglected Correlation Frank Gielsdorf, Eckhardt Seyfert: The PAI Approach of the Surveying Administration Brandenburg

11. The Role of Point Identifiers point (1,*) x is coordinated y (1,*) reference frame point 1 no direct access redundancy shape point n x object disappears if moved point y point_id just one reference frame x point y Frank Gielsdorf, Eckhardt Seyfert: The PAI Approach of the Surveying Administration Brandenburg

12. Observation Topology Topology of Pseudo Observations Distance weighted interpolation Delaunay Triangulation Frank Gielsdorf, Eckhardt Seyfert: The PAI Approach of the Surveying Administration Brandenburg

13. The proximity fitting approach Ausgangslage Homogenisierung Frank Gielsdorf, Eckhardt Seyfert: The PAI Approach of the Surveying Administration Brandenburg

14. Federal Country Brandenburg Frank Gielsdorf, Eckhardt Seyfert: The PAI Approach of the Surveying Administration Brandenburg

15. Pilot Project Fredersdorf Federal State Brandenburg District Uckermark Comunity Fredersdorf Points: 30.000, Area: 50 km2 Primary data acquisition for ALK is finished Observations: GPS coordinates, cadastral field books Frank Gielsdorf, Eckhardt Seyfert: The PAI Approach of the Surveying Administration Brandenburg

16. Temporal Partitioning of PAI æ ö l ç ÷ 0 ç ÷ l è ø 1 æ ö l ç ÷ 0 l ç ÷ 1 ç ÷ l è ø 2 æ ö l ç ÷ 0 l ç ÷ 1 ç ÷ l ç ÷ 2 ç ÷ M ç ÷ l è ø n Status at l x copy 0 i time i Primary Data View Observations Coordinates adjustment x view 1 1. update i+ 1 adjustment view 2 x time 2. update i+ 2 x view n adjustment i+n n. update Frank Gielsdorf, Eckhardt Seyfert: The PAI Approach of the Surveying Administration Brandenburg

17. Spatial Partitioning of PAI Updating Blocks 1. Adjustment 2. Adjustment 3. Adjustment Frank Gielsdorf, Eckhardt Seyfert: The PAI Approach of the Surveying Administration Brandenburg

18. Control Viewof PAI Process primary acquisition completed mapping x l --> 0 0 x l and are consistent adding of observations x l and are inconsistent checking of updating criteria update not XOR necessary update necessary check-out of updating blocks updating blocks locked adjustment adjustment realised check-in of updating blocks Frank Gielsdorf, Eckhardt Seyfert: The PAI Approach of the Surveying Administration Brandenburg

19. Data View of PAI Process block boundaries (2,2) (2,2) bound end (3,*) (0,*) (3,*) (1,*) blocks belong points (0,*) (1,*) connect calculate (1,*) (1,*) adjustment observations Frank Gielsdorf, Eckhardt Seyfert: The PAI Approach of the Surveying Administration Brandenburg

20. Data Flow ALK-GIAP No identifiers for all points No topology EDBS Generation of topology Definition of update blocks Point identifier GEOgraf coordinates Observations Adjustment calculations Acquisition and management of observations SYSTRA coordinates GEOgraf Moving the points EDBS ALK-GIAP Frank Gielsdorf, Eckhardt Seyfert: The PAI Approach of the Surveying Administration Brandenburg

21. Unique Point Identifier P12316000700023 Point Identifier Rule On block boundaries obtain the lower point number Federal State 12 Cadastral District (Gemarkung): 1175 Cadastral Section (Flur): 002 Number: 23 Organisation Structures Important: prefix of point ID is datum independent – no coordinate grid! Frank Gielsdorf, Eckhardt Seyfert: The PAI Approach of the Surveying Administration Brandenburg

22. PAI Test Project of OS Links PRE-POST transformed as Point Identities PRE: Old Geobase data POST: New Geobase data Links PRE-CUST generated as Point Identities CUST: Customer data No geometrical constraints as wanted Frank Gielsdorf, Eckhardt Seyfert: The PAI Approach of the Surveying Administration Brandenburg

23. PAI Test Project of OS Moving vectors = Local residuals Links PRE-POST as Point Identities Links PRE-CUST as Point Identities Frank Gielsdorf, Eckhardt Seyfert: The PAI Approach of the Surveying Administration Brandenburg

24. Thank you for your attention! gielsdorf@fga.tu-berlin.de Frank Gielsdorf, Eckhardt Seyfert: The PAI Approach of the Surveying Administration Brandenburg