Dept.ofAnaesthesiology. K.G.M.C.H.

1. Dept.ofAnaesthesiology. K.G.M.C.H. Emergency First Aid and CPR

2. First and immediate help given to anyone affected by accident, injury, disease before getting medical help.Help to -save life -prevent complications Don’t -get tensed -aggravate the condition DEFINITION

3. EMERGENCY FIRST AID • If you are the first on the scene of accident that results in an injury or serious illness, you may be the only link between a victim and emergency medical care. • Your role is to take action, whether by providing first aid, seeking medical help or calling EMS. • Your actions may improve the victims chance of recovery.

4. BLEEDING • ARTERIAL- spurts/bright red. • VENOUS - steadyflow/ blood is dark. • CAPILLARY – slow & oozing

5. BLEEDING – How to control. • Direct Pressure (bandage may be used) • Elevate(above the heart) • Pressure Point Radial artery -wrist. Brachial artery –upper arm Femoral artery – groin. • Pressure Bandage

6. FIRST AID FOR SPRAINS AND STRAINSI-C-E • I - Ice, apply a cold pack. Do not apply ice directly to skin. • C - Compress, use an elastic or conforming wrap - not too tight. • E - Elevate, above heart level to control internal bleeding.

7. CARE FOR DISLOCATIONS AND FRACTURES • Control bleeding, if present. • Care for shock,See “Care for Shock” slide. • Splint affected area to prevent further movement. • Cold packs, to reduce pain&swelling • ActivateEmergency Medical Services (EMS),

8. # spine • If suspicion (complaints of severe pain in his neck or back, numbness or paralysis of limbs) – Don’t move the person and keep him still. • Place heavy towels on both sides of the neck to prevent movement. • Provide CPR if neccesory. • Arrange ambulance.

9. SHOCK • Shock is failure of CVS to supply blood to vital organs. (heart,lungs & brain) • If shock is not treated, it can cause death. (any type of injury can cause shock). • Signs and symptoms of shock. • -confused -fast or slow pulserate -fast or slow breathing -cool and moist skin -pale or bluish skin,lips,& fingernails.

10. CARE FOR SHOCK • Keep the victim laying down (if possible). • Elevate legs 10-12 inches… unless you suspect a spinal injury or broken bones. • Cover the victim to maintain body temperature. • Provide the victim with plenty of fresh air. • If victim begins to vomit - place them on their left side. • Call EMS.

11. 1.Dry burn - flames, hot objects. 2.Scalds - steams, hot liquids. 3.Electrical burn -Low& high voltage currents, lightening. 4.Cold injury -frostbite. 5.Chemical burn -Industrial & domestic chemicals 6.Radiation burn -sun burn & radioactive Burns -TYPES

12. Burns 1st Degree- redness with swelling and pain, flush with cool water 2nd Degree- blisters, redness with severe pain place damp bandage,use no ointments 3rd Degree- white or charred and painless, use dry bandage 2nd or 3rd- get medical attention Burns -First Aid

13. Don’t remove burnt clothing Don’t immerse severe large burns in coldwater cause shock Check for signs of circulation (breathing,coughing or movement) start CPR. Cover the area of burn Use a cool,moist, sterile bandage. For Major Burns

14. Cold - Stress Dress in layers Limit exposed skin • Frostbite - localized frozen tissue • Do not rub area, limit motion, immerse in warm water • Hypothermia - lowered body temperature • Remove wet clothing, use dry blankets, hot drinks • Seek medical attention

15. Temperature Stress - Heat • Sunburn- keep skin covered • Heat Cramps- drink dilute “Gatorade” • Heat Exhaustion-heavy sweating, cool skin -Cool victim, seek medical attention if vomiting • Heat Stroke- medical emergency -Hot, dry skin, rapid then weakening pulse -Cool victim immediately. Call EMS.

16. ELECTRICSHOCK Can cause Cardiac arrest Heart rhythm problems Respiratory failure Seizures Unconsciousness Numbness and tingling

17. ELECTRICSHOCK- FIRST AID • Look first. Don’t touch the person. • Turn off the source of electricity • Check for signs of circulation (breathing, coughing or movement) • Lay the person down to prevent shock

18. Drowning • Use rope, stick to help them out • Prone position • Remove foreign body in nose and throat • Compress abdomen • Mouth to mouth respiration

19. +Remain calm. + Don’t move the bitten limbs. + Apply a loose splint to reduce movement. + Don’t use a tourniquet. + Don’t cut the wound to remove the venom. + Identify the snake if possible. + Seek medical attention as soon as possible. Snake bite

20. Chest pain- First aid Signs and symptoms • Fullness or squeezing pain in the center of the chest. • Pain spreading to the shoulders, neck or arms. • Sweating and shortness of breath.

21. Chest pain- First aid • Call EMS immediately. • Take nitroglycerine, if already prescribed. • Have someone drive you to nearest hospital. • If unconscious – assess and start CPR.

22. POISONING FIRST AID • signs and symptoms of poisoning. • When to call for help. • What to do while waiting for help. • What NOT to do.

23. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF POISONING • Burns or redness around mouth and lips. • Breath smells like chemicals. • Burns, stains and odors on the person. • Empty medication bottles or scattered pills. • Vomiting, difficult breathing, sleepiness, confusion. • Call EMS.

24. WHAT TO DO WHILE WAITING • Get in to fresh air immediately. • If the poison spilled on the person, remove the clothing, flush the skin or eyes with cool or lukewarm water. • Take the poison container with you to the hospital.

25. WHAT NOT TO DO Don’tadminister anything to induce vomiting in semi-conscious patient.

26. REMEMBER!!!UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS: • The routine use of appropriate barrier precautions to prevent skin and mucous membrane exposure when contact with blood or other body fluids of any individual may occur or is anticipated. • Universal Precautions apply to blood and to all other body fluids with potential for spreading any infections.

27. First Aid and CPR Know how to get help Let us help you

28. THE ENDDepartment of Anaesthesiology KGMCH Asaripallam.