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Week 13 Overview

Week 13 Overview. Makeup test day Endocrine group presentation practice Remember all work from weekn 11 is due. Endocrine System.

kennedy-larsen
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Week 13 Overview

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  1. Week 13 Overview • Makeup test day • Endocrine group presentation practice • Remember all work from weekn 11 is due

  2. Endocrine System • The nervous and endocrine systems are the two main controlling systems of the body. There are several differences between these two systems. For example, the nervous system acts by means of electrical impulses and chemical stimuli. • The endocrine system acts by means of chemical stimuli only. Also, the nervous system has an immediate and short-term effect on muscles and glands, whereas the endocrine system has more widespread, slower, and long lasting effects. The endocrine system also has more generalized effects on such activities as growth, metabolism, and reproduction.

  3. Functions: • 1. Hormone secretion • 2. Homeostasis

  4. Hormones • These are chemical messengers released by the glands of the endocrine system. Hormones are released directly into the blood stream and carried to the tissues they effect. The blood reaches all cells of the body but only certain cells respond to specific hormones. These cells have certain receptors to which the hormones attach. Only cells that have receptors for a given hormone will respond to that hormone.

  5. Hormones fall into to categories: • 1.  Proteins—most hormones are proteins or related compounds composed of amino acids. All hormones except those of the adrenal cortex and the sex glands are proteins. • 2.  Steroids—are hormones derived from lipids and are produced by the adrenal cortex and the gonads (sex glands). • All hormones are extremely potent, that is they are effective in very small amounts.

  6. Regulation • The release of most hormones is controlled by a mechanism called a negative feedback system. In a negative feedback system, the result of an action in the body regulates that action and keeps it in a steady state, or homeostasis. A simple example of negative feedback is seen with insulin from pancreatic cells. When the level of glucose in the blood is high, the islet cells of the pancreas release insulin. This hormone stimulates body cells to take up more glucose, thus lowering glucose levels in the blood. Thus, negative feedback mechanisms reverse increasing or decreasing to maintain a state of balance. In addition to negative feedback, the release of hormones may also be regulated by other hormones such as those from the anterior pituitary, or by nervous stimulation, such as the sympathetic stimulation that cause the release of epinephrine from the adrenal medulla. • The endocrine system consists of the glands that secrete hormones. These glands are also called ductless glands because they secrete directly into the bloodstream.

  7. Endocrine Assignment (page 121-syllabus) •  The endocrine system is made up of the endocrine glands that secrete hormones. Theses major endocrine glands are scattered throughout the body and yet they are still considered to be one system because they have similar functions, similar mechanisms of influence, and many important interrelationships. In a group, you are to cover the following information about one of the endocrine glands. It is up to your group to divide up the responsibilities and cover all the information. You will present the information in two weeks. This is to be basic information using medical terminology that we will understand.

  8. Endocrine glands • 1. Posterior Pituitary • A. Antidiuretic, oxytocin • 2. Anterior Pituitary • B. Growth hormone, Prolactin • 3. Pineal • 4. Thyroid • 5. Parathyroid • 6. Adrenal • 7. Testis • 8. Ovary • 9. Pancreas • 10. Thymus

  9. Endocrine and Nervous Systems Elements • (use with your textbook for CD-Rom) • Element Meaning • acr/o extremities • aden/o gland • adren/o adrenal glands • anter/o front, anterior • calc/o calcium • cerebr/o cerebrum, brain • encephal/o brain • gluc/o, glyc/o sugar, glucose • hidr/o sweat • mening/o, meningi/o meninges • myel/o spinal cord, bone marrow • neur/o nerve • orchid/o, orchid/o testis, testicle • pancreat/o pancreas • poster/o back (of body) , behind, posterior

  10. ELEMENT MEANING • radi/o x-rays, radiation • scler/o hardening • thym/o thymus gland • thyr/o thyroid gland • toxic/o poison • vascul/o blood vessel • -cele hernia, swelling • -dipsia thirst • -emia blood • -gen, -genesis producing, forming • -glia glue • -iasis abnormal condition • (produced by something specified)

  11. ELEMENT MEANING • -lith stone, calculus • -lysis separation, destruction, loosening • -megaly enlargement • -malacia softening • -oid resembling • -penia decrease • -pexy fixation • -phagia swallow, eat • -phasia speech • -rrhagia bursting forth (of) • -uria urine, urination • hypo- under, below • poly- many, much

  12. Doctor’s Orders • Doctor: DR GOWER • SERVICE: Endocrine Consultation • DATE: ____-_____-_____ HOUR: • Admit: Endocrine unit • DX: R/O D.M. Hx: Graves Disease • Diet: NPO until am and then 1800 ADA • Activity: OOB c assist, BRP • Amb. c PT TID • I&O • TPR & BP (VS) q8 hr. • BG’S ac & HS call MD c results and for insulin orders • MEDS: • Tylenol ii tabs po q4 hr. prn HA • Compazine 10 mg q6 hr. prn N&V • Thyroxine .5 mg qd po • Valium 5-10 mg po q6 hr. prn anxiety • IV – 1/2 NS @ TKO if tolerating fluids_ to SL • LABS: • CBC, lytes, BUN, CR, qd • Chest x-ray this am

  13. Homework • Prepare for endocrine presentation, use library • Read Chapter 14 pgs. 460-485 (book) • Complete pgs. 486-494 (book) • All work from week 11 due next week

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