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Chapter 14, part 2. The Brain and Cranial Nerves. SECTION 14-3 The Medulla Oblongata. Medulla oblongata. Connects the brain with the spinal cord Contains relay stations and reflex centers Olivary nuclei Cardiovascular and respiratory rhythmicity centers
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Chapter 14, part 2 The Brain and Cranial Nerves
Medulla oblongata • Connects the brain with the spinal cord • Contains relay stations and reflex centers • Olivary nuclei • Cardiovascular and respiratory rhythmicity centers • Reticular formation begins in the medulla oblongata and extends into more superior portions of the brainstem
Figure 14.7 The Diencephalon and Brain Stem Figure 14.7a, b
Figure 14.7 The Diencephalon and Brain Stem Figure 14.7c
Figure 14.8 The Medulla Oblongata and Pons Figure 14.8a, b
Figure 14.8 The Medulla Oblongata and Pons Figure 14.8c
The pons contains • Sensory and motor nuclei for four cranial nerves • Nuclei that help control respiration • Nuclei and tracts linking the cerebellum with the brain stem, cerebrum and spinal cord • Ascending, descending and transverse tracts
Figure 14.8 The Medulla Oblongata and Pons Figure 14.8a, b
Figure 14.8 The Medulla Oblongata and Pons Figure 14.8c
The cerebellum • Adjusts postural muscles and tunes on-going movements • Cerebellar hemispheres • Anterior and posterior lobes • Vermis • Flocculonodular lobe • Superior, middle and inferior cerebellar peduncles link cerebellum with brain stem, diencephalon, cerebrum, and spinal cord • Interconnects the two cerebellar hemispheres
Figure 14.9 The Cerebellum Figure 14.9a
Figure 14.9 The Cerebellum Figure 14.9b
The mesencephalon • The tectum (roof) contains the corpora quadrigemina • Superior and inferior colliculi • The mesencephalon contains many nuclei • Red nucleus • Substantia nigra • Cerebral peduncles • RAS headquarters
Figure 14.10 The Mesencephalon Figure 14.10a, b
The diencephalon is composed of • Epithalamus • Hypothalamus • Thalamus
The thalamus • Final relay point for ascending sensory information • Coordinates the activities of the cerebral cortex and basal nuclei
Figure 14.11 The Thalamus Figure 14.11a, b
The hypothalamus • Controls somatic motor activities at the subconscious level • Controls autonomic function • Coordinates activities of the endocrine and nervous systems • Secretes hormones • Produces emotions and behavioral drives • Coordinates voluntary and autonomic functions • Regulates body temperature • Coordinates circadian cycles of activity
Figure 14.12 The Hypothalamus in Sagittal Section Figure 14.12a
Figure 14.12 The Hypothalamus in Sagittal Section Figure 14.12b