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WIND TURBINE FLOW ANALYSIS Jean-Jacques Chattot University of California Davis OUTLINE

CHALLENGES IN WIND TURBINE FLOW ANALYSIS. Vortex Structure- importance of maintaining vortex structure 10-20 D- free wake vs. prescribed wake modelsHigh Incidence on Blades- separated flows and 3-D viscous effectsUnsteady Effects- yaw, tower interaction, earth boundary layerBlade Flexibil

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WIND TURBINE FLOW ANALYSIS Jean-Jacques Chattot University of California Davis OUTLINE

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    1. WIND TURBINE FLOW ANALYSIS Jean-Jacques Chattot University of California Davis OUTLINE Challenges in Wind Turbine Flows The Analysis Problem and Simulation Tools The Vortex Model The Hybrid Approach Conclusion

    2. CHALLENGES IN WIND TURBINE FLOW ANALYSIS Vortex Structure - importance of maintaining vortex structure 10-20 D - free wake vs. prescribed wake models High Incidence on Blades - separated flows and 3-D viscous effects Unsteady Effects - yaw, tower interaction, earth boundary layer Blade Flexibility

    3. CHALLENGES IN WIND TURBINE FLOW ANALYSIS

    4. THE ANALYSIS PROBLEM AND SIMULATION TOOLS Actuator Disk Theory (1-D Flow) Empirical Dynamic Models (Aeroelasticity) Vortex Models - prescribed wake + equilibrium condition - free wake Euler/Navier-Stokes Codes - 10 M grid points, still dissipates wake - not practical for design

    5. REVIEW OF VORTEX MODEL Goldstein Model Simplified Treatment of Wake Rigid Wake Model “Ultimate Wake” Equilibrium Condition Base Helix Geometry Used for Steady and Unsteady Flows Application of Biot-Savart Law Blade Element Flow Conditions 2-D Viscous Polar

    6. GOLDSTEIN MODEL

    7. SIMPLIFIED TREATMENT OF WAKE

    8. “ULTIMATE WAKE” EQUILIBRIUM CONDITION

    9. BASE HELIX GEOMETRY USED FOR STEADY AND UNSTEADY FLOWS

    10. APPLICATION OF BIOT-SAVART LAW

    11. BLADE ELEMENT FLOW CONDITIONS

    12. 2-D VISCOUS POLAR

    13. NONLINEAR TREATMENT Discrete equations: If Where

    14. NONLINEAR TREATMENT If is the coefficient of artificial viscosity Solved using Newton’s method

    15. CONVECTION IN THE WAKE Mesh system: stretched mesh from blade To x=1 where Then constant steps to Convection equation along vortex filament j: Boundary condition

    16. CONVECTION IN THE WAKE

    17. ATTACHED/STALLED FLOWS

    18. RESULTS: STEADY FLOW

    19. RESULTS: YAWED FLOW

    20. HYBRID APPROACH

    21. HYBRID METHODOLOGY

    22. RECENT PUBLICATIONS J.-J. Chattot, “Helicoidal vortex model for steady and unsteady flows”, Computers and Fluids, Special Issue, 35, : 742-745 (2006). S. H. Schmitz, J.-J. Chattot, “A coupled Navier-Stokes/Vortex-Panel solver for the numerical analysis of wind turbines”, Computers and Fluids, Special Issue, 35: 742-745 (2006). J. M. Hallissy, J.J. Chattot, “Validation of a helicoidal vortex model with the NREL unsteady aerodynamic experiment”, CFD Journal, Special Issue, 14:236-245 (2005). S. H. Schmitz, J.-J. Chattot, “A parallelized coupled Navier-Stokes/Vortex-Panel solver”, Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, 127:475-487 (2005). J.-J. Chattot, “Extension of a helicoidal vortex model to account for blade flexibility and tower interference”, Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, 128:455-460 (2006). S. H. Schmitz, J.-J. Chattot, “Characterization of three-dimensional effects for the rotating and parked NREL phase VI wind turbine”, Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, 128:445-454 (2006). J.-J. Chattot, “Helicoidal vortex model for wind turbine aeroelastic simulation”, Computers and Structures, to appear, 2007.

    23. CONCLUSIONS

    24. APPENDIX A UAE Sequence Q V=8 m/s Dpitch=18 deg CN at 80%

    25. APPENDIX A UAE Sequence Q V=8 m/s Dpitch=18 deg CT at 80%

    26. APPENDIX A UAE Sequence Q V=8 m/s Dpitch=18 deg

    27. APPENDIX A UAE Sequence Q V=8 m/s Dpitch=18 deg

    28. APPENDIX B Optimum Rotor R=63 m P=2 MW

    29. APPENDIX B Optimum Rotor R=63 m P=2 MW

    30. APPENDIX B Optimum Rotor R=63 m P=2 MW

    31. APPENDIX B Optimum Rotor R=63 m P=2 MW

    32. APPENDIX B Optimum Rotor R=63 m P=2 MW

    33. APPENDIX B Optimum Rotor R=63 m P=2 MW

    34. APPENDIX B Optimum Rotor R=63 m P=2 MW

    35. APPENDIX C Homogeneous blade; First mode

    36. APPENDIX C Homogeneous blade; Second mode

    37. APPENDIX C Homogeneous blade; Third mode

    38. APPENDIX C Nonhomogeneous blade; M’ distribution

    39. APPENDIX C Nonhomog. blade; EIx distribution

    40. APPENDIX C Nonhomogeneous blade; First mode

    41. APPENDIX C Nonhomogeneous blade; Second mode

    42. APPENDIX C Nonhomogeneous blade; Third mode

    43. TOWER SHADOW MODEL DOWNWIND CONFIGURATION

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