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Dr Jorge Díaz-Cintas Imperial College London. Back to the future in subtitling. j.diaz-cintas@imperial.ac.uk. 7 th May 2008. Number of channels Analogue / digital era Lineal to interactive Multimedia programmes Video games, interactive software Internet
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Dr Jorge Díaz-Cintas Imperial College London Back to the future in subtitling j.diaz-cintas@imperial.ac.uk 7th May 2008
Number of channels Analogue / digital era Lineal to interactive Multimedia programmes Video games, interactive software Internet Broadcast > > > narrowcast & webcast Personal use blogs, YouTube Commercial use Newspapers, TV channels, advertising, films to download, etc. BBC iPlayer Fansubs, fandubs, webtoons, scanlations... On the go technology Podcasts Distribution of AVT
8-digit time code Laser & electronic subtitling Dedicated software Freeware Sound recognition Voice recognition Shot recognition DVD > Blu-ray Machine translation Translate TV Musa (Multilingual Subtitling of Multimedia Content) E-title Sync-now Technical & Digital Revolution
Better image quality Greater memory Versatile: audio, video, documents... Television & computer Easy access to material: research Promotion of accessibility Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Intralingual and interlingual Blind and Partially Sighted Audio description & Audio subtitling DVD > Blu-ray (1/2)
Quantity Music Corporate DVDs Extras & collector’s editions Re-launch of old and classical films TV series Typology Close / open Interlingual / intralingual Interlingual SDH Didactic Quality (?) DVD > Blu-ray(2/2)
Semiotic dimension • Verbal signs transmitted acoustically • dialogue, monologue • Non-verbal signs transmitted acoustically • background noise, music… • Verbal signs transmitted visually • credits, letters, documents, banners… • Non-verbal signs transmitted visually • gestures, kinesics… • Dynamic nature of subtitles
Changes • Back to the future • Hybridisation • SDH • Cohabitation on DVD • SDH teletext onto DVD • Digital technology: emoticons • Comics • Video games • Fansubs • Subbing Subtitles need to meet certain technical & editorial quality standards in order to be useful to viewers.
Ferrer (2005) • Presentation • Typography varies according to fansub group • Use of colours to identify characters • Number of lines varies • “Footnotes” on the top of the screen • Position of subtitles varies • Correct synchrony • Karaoke subtitles for songs: opening & ending • Omission – credits • Addition – fansubtitlers • Perspectives: Studies in Translatology • Vol. 14(4), 2006
Conclusions (?) • New consumer breed • Implications for the translation • Implications for the profession • New conventions to stay? • Creativity • SDH • Sign Language • Other conventions? • Scanlations • Research • Abusive / avant-garde / aesthetic • Fandubs