1 / 28

Chapter 5 Development and Plasticity of the Brain

Chapter 5 Development and Plasticity of the Brain. Development of the Brain. Plasticity Nature versus Nurture Rapid development. Fig. 5-1, p. 122. Fig. 5-2, p. 123. Development of the Brain. The human central nervous system begins to form when the embryo is approximately 2 weeks old.

kenny
Download Presentation

Chapter 5 Development and Plasticity of the Brain

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 5 Development and Plasticity of the Brain

  2. Development of the Brain • Plasticity • Nature versus Nurture • Rapid development

  3. Fig. 5-1, p. 122

  4. Fig. 5-2, p. 123

  5. Development of the Brain. • The human central nervous system begins to form when the embryo is approximately 2 weeks old.

  6. Fig. 5-3, p. 123

  7. Development of the Brain • The fluid-filled cavity becomes the central canal of the spinal cord and the four ventricles of the brain.

  8. Development of the Brain • At birth, the human brain weighs approximately 350 grams. • By the first year. the brain weighs approximately 1000 grams. • The adult brain weighs 1200-1400 grams.

  9. Development of the Brain • The development of neurons in the brain involves the following four processes: • Proliferation • Differentiation • Myelination • Synaptogenesis

  10. Fig. 5-6, p. 127

  11. Development of the Brain • Neurogenesis?? • Sperry’s (1954) research

  12. Fig. 5-7, p. 127

  13. Development of the Brain • Neural Darwinism • Neurotropin • Apoptosis • Nerve growth factor (NGF)

  14. Development of the Brain • Fetal alcohol syndrome • Cocaine abuse • Enriched versus impoverished environments

  15. Fig. 5-10, p. 131

  16. Fig. 5-11, p. 132

  17. Fig. 5-12, p. 133

  18. Plasticity After Brain Damage • Survivors of brain damage show subtle to significant behavioral recovery. • Some of the mechanisms of recovery include those similar to the mechanisms of brain development such as the new branching of axons and dendrites.

  19. Plasticity After Brain Damage • Possible causes of brain damage include: • Tumors • infections • exposure to toxic substances • degenerative diseases • closed head injuries.

  20. Fig. 5-13, p. 138

  21. Plasticity After Brain Damage • A closed head injury • A stroke or cerebrovascular accident • Ischemia • Hemorrhage • Edema-

  22. How can we help? • tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) • Cooling the brain • Cannabanoids

  23. Fig. 5-14, p. 139

  24. Plasticity After Brain Damage • Diaschisis • Axonal regrowth • Collateral sprouts • Gangliosides • Progesterone

  25. Fig. 5-16, p. 141

  26. Fig. 5-17, p. 142

  27. Plasticity After Brain Damage • Ways the brain compensates for decreased input and to restores normal functioning include: • Denervation supersensitivity • Disuse supersensitivity

  28. Plasticity After Brain Damage • Phantom limb • Deafferenated limbs

More Related