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Language

Language. One of the oldest and complex culture traits on earth. A systematic way of Communicating:. Signs Symbols Gestures Marks Vocal Sounds. History. In prehistoric past there were around 10,000 different languages. Now there are between 5,000 and 7,000

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Language

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  1. Language One of the oldest and complex culture traits on earth.

  2. A systematic way of Communicating: Signs Symbols Gestures Marks Vocal Sounds

  3. History • In prehistoric past there were around 10,000 different languages. • Now there are between 5,000 and 7,000 • Africa and Asia are the most linguistic rich continents. Why do you think this is? • (Rugged terrain and social customs limit interaction

  4. All languages belong to a language family • A collection of many languages, all which come from the same original tongue, but have evolved different characteristics • Depending on history, they can sound very different Language Families

  5. Family Language Map

  6. Indo-European *50% of the world speak this *Dominant in: Europe, Russia, North and South America, Australia, India and Southwest Asia *Includes: Germanic, Celtic, Romance, Slavic

  7. Sino- Tibetan Family *20% of the world *Mostly SE Asia & China *Includes: Japanese, Mandarin Chinese (#1), Tibetan, Korean

  8. OTHERS: • Final 30% of the world speak: • Afro-Asiatic • Niger-Congo • Altaic • Austronesian

  9. Dialects • Geographically distinct versions of a single language • Why? Because of the history, social, & geographic differences • Example: • English • Recognized through Accents • Different words: • American South: Y’all • Australian: “mates”

  10. Language Diffusion • Occurs when migration, trade, war, or some other event exposes one group of people to the language of another • Result: A word with parts of each language • German: Hausfrau = Housewife

  11. Official Languages • Language in which all government business takes place • Canada: Quebec: Language dispute between French and English

  12. Extinction Language Extinction Cultural Extinction: Whole culture is wiped out due to war or disease Reviving of some: Celtic in Scotland; Hebrew after WWII in Isreal • No longer in use by any living people • Causes: Colonialism; Economic globalization; social and economic pressures

  13. Literacy • Ability to read and write • Varies • U.S. 95% • Niger: Men—24% and Women—less than 9% • Tool of Oppression by some governments, lack of money

  14. Linguist Beliefs • Creation of agricultural societies, alphabet and record keeping is what allows dominance of specific language. • Literacy is the critical tool that explains why UK, France, USA have such a dramatic impact on the languages spoken today.

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