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Maternal Nutrition

http://emedia.utmb.edu/p46598227/. Maternal Nutrition. NURS 4541, Fall 2011 University of the Incarnate Word. Learning Objectives. Identify the role of specific nutrients in the diet of the pregnant woman. Interpret the effects of maternal nutrition on fetal outcome.

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Maternal Nutrition

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  1. http://emedia.utmb.edu/p46598227/ Maternal Nutrition NURS 4541, Fall 2011 University of the Incarnate Word

  2. Learning Objectives • Identify the role of specific nutrients in the diet of the pregnant woman. • Interpret the effects of maternal nutrition on fetal outcome. • Compare dietary needs during pregnancy, postpartum and lactation to dietary needs of a non-pregnant woman. • Distinguish fundamental differences in the teaching/learning needs of a breastfeeding and a bottle feeding mother. • Evaluate mothers for adequate weight gain in each trimester of pregnancy. • Plan adequate prenatal diet for individuals with special dietary needs.

  3. Influences on Prenatal Nutrition • Maternal age • Parity • Nutritional status • Obesity • Underweight

  4. Institute of Medicine’s Guidelines Trimester 1 (weeks 1 through 12) 1.2 to 4.4 pounds total Trimester 2 (weeks 13 through26) 1 lb. per week Trimester 3 (weeks 27 through 40) 1 lb. per week ( see table 18-2, pg. 396 in text for further guidelines)

  5. Caloricintake • Kilocalories (kcal) vs. calories (c ) • Increase kcal by 300 daily during trimester 2 and trimester 3 • Calories vs. nutrition

  6. Macronutrients • Carbohydrates – primary energy source • Proteins – cell growth • Fats – energy (http://fnic.nal.usda.gov/)

  7. Micronutrients • Fat soluble vitamins: A, D, E, K • Water soluble vitamins: Vitamin C B vitamins- thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, folic acid, pantothenic acid, B6, B12 • Minerals: calcium & phosphorus, iodine, iron

  8. Fluids The human body is more than 60 % water. Blood is 92 % water, the brain and muscles are75 % water, and bones are about 22 % water. (http://www.waterinfo.org/resources/water-facts)

  9. Special Diets • Vegetarian: vegan lacto-ova lacto • Lactose intolerance • Cultural, ethnic, and religious influences

  10. Special consideration • Food safety: salmonella, listeriamonocytogenes, mercury • Eating disorders: anorexia, bulimia • Pica • Pregnant adolescents

  11. Postpartum nutrition • Weight loss • Nutritional assessment • Formula feeding mothers • Breastfeeding mothers • Provision of resources

  12. http://www.choosemyplate.gov/global_nav/media_resources.html

  13. References Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Folic acid recommendation. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/folicacid/recommendations.html Davidson, M. R., London, M. L., & Wieland Ladewig, P. A. (2012). Olds’ maternal- newborn nursing & women’s health across the lifespan (9th ed.). Boston, Mass.: Pearson Food and Nutrition Information Center of the United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved from http://fnic.nal.usda.gov/ United States Department of Agriculture, Choose My Plate.gov. Retrieved from http://www.choosemyplate.gov World Health Organization, Micronutrients. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/nutrition/topics/micronutrients/en/

  14. Michelfelder, A. J., (2009). Soy: a complete source of protein. American Family Physician, 79 (1), 43-47. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19145965

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