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Continued Tension Over Slavery

Further Division Between the North and South. Continued Tension Over Slavery. Dred Scott vs. Sanford Case (1857). Dred Scott’s o wner took him from : Missouri (slave state)  to Illinois (free )  to Wisconsin ( free) and then back to Missouri.

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Continued Tension Over Slavery

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  1. Further Division Between the North and South Continued Tension Over Slavery

  2. Dred Scott vs. Sanford Case (1857) • Dred Scott’s owner took him from : • Missouri (slave state) • to Illinois (free) • to Wisconsin (free) • and then back to Missouri. • Dred Scott sued for his freedom claiming that living in those free states had made him a free man. • QUESTIONS FACING THE SUPREME COURT: • Is Dred Scott a citizen of the United States? • If not, he cannot sue in federal court… • Did residence in a free territory make Scott a free man?

  3. Dred Scott vs. Sanford Case (1857) • Chief Justice Taney ruled that Scott could not sue for his freedom • Constitution and citizenship did not apply to blacks • African Americans are “a subordinate and inferior class of beings” with “no rights which the white man was bound to respect” • Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional (Congress had no right to take away property) • Warnings about the slave states’ influence on the national government spread. Dred Scott case not only permitted the extension of slavery, but guaranteed it. • Northerners feared that slave power might extend further, perhaps including German and Irish immigrants

  4. Illinois Senate Election of 1858 • Stephen Douglas and Abraham Lincoln debated throughout the state, focusing on slavery and its expansion • Douglas: • Popular Sovereignty Decides • Lincoln: • Slavery should not be extended into territories, Immoral practice • Lincoln loses election, but gains national prominence for his arguments

  5. Passions Ignite • John Brown's Raid--1859 • John Brown was an abolitionist who believed the time had come for slaves to fight for their own freedom. • Brown and his 21 followers planned a slave uprising, beginning in Harper’s Ferry VA. • His aim was to seize the federal arsenal and distribute these to slaves in the area, thereby sparking a revolt. • Failure: Seized federal arsenal at Harper's Ferry, but John and his men were quickly captured, many killed in the process. • Brown was turned over and tried for treason. Brown hoped this event would arouse Northern fury and start a war for abolition. • Brown was hanged publicly. • Public reaction was immediate and intense.

  6. Impact of Harper’s Ferry • Different Reactions to Brown’s Raid: • Northern abolitionists viewed him as a martyr, taking action against the evil of slavery. • Southerners generally viewed Brown as a madman, symbolizing the violent intentions of Northerners to plan slave uprisings everywhere. • Moderates (Lincoln) condemned Brown's action, while admiring his commitment to countering slavery. • Ended all hope of compromise between the North and South!

  7. PARTNER PERSPECTIVES • Pair up with the person next to you and choose: one of you will be a Northern supporter(anti-slavery), one a Southern supporter (pro-slavery). • Have a two minute discussion about the pros or cons of Harper’s Ferry: the event as well as the outcomes. • What made Harper’s Ferry so important to the spark of the Civil War?

  8. Election of Lincoln (1860) • Democrats split into Northern and Southern factions and nominated two candidates (Douglas and Breckenridge) • Former Whigs nominated Bell in an attempt to preserve Union with Constitutional Union Party. • Strong only in Virginia and upper South. • Republicans nominated Lincoln as a moderate compromise candidate. • Why do you think Lincoln has the best chance of winning this election?

  9. John Bell: Bless my soul I give up. • John C. Breckinridge:That long legged Abolitionist is getting ahead of us after all. • Stephen Douglas: I never run so in my life.

  10. Election of Lincoln (1860) • Lincoln planned to halt the further spread of slavery. • Reassured southerners that he would not “directly, or indirectly, interfere with their slaves or with them about their slaves.” • This “reassurance” fell on deaf ears • Lincoln wins the election, but receives less than half of the popular vote. • Received no electoral votes from the South. • Lincoln has sectional rather than national support • WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT? • The election of Lincoln would be considered in the South as “the greatest evil that has ever befallen the country.”

  11. PARTNER PERSPECTIVES • Pair up with the person next to you and choose: one of you will be a Northern supporter(anti-slavery), one a Southern supporter (pro-slavery). • Have a two minute discussion about the pros or cons of Lincoln’s election: What does this mean for the country’s future? • What made Lincoln’s Election so important to the spark of the Civil War? • This response may incorporate other events of the time.

  12. SECESSION! • Lincoln’s election convinced Southerners that they had lost their political voice in the national government. • Feared that an end to their way of life was at hand. • States decided to act– • South Carolina secedes from the Union: 12/20/1860 • Then Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas. • Formed the “Confederate States of America” • Own constitution-protected slavery • Elected Jefferson Davis to act as president • “The time for compromise has now passed”

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