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CELL CYCLE

CELL CYCLE. How many cells do we begin with?. 2. How do we get more?. Cell Cycle- Cell Division. Reasons for Cell Division: 1. Growth. Organisms start out as a single cell that divides to become a larger organism.

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CELL CYCLE

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  1. CELL CYCLE

  2. How many cells do we begin with?

  3. 2

  4. How do we get more?

  5. Cell Cycle- Cell Division

  6. Reasons for Cell Division: 1. Growth • Organisms start out as a single cell that divides to become a larger organism. • Cells do not get bigger in order to make an organism get bigger; they divide. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hm03rCUODqg

  7. 2. Reproduction • When cells divide, they form two new cells. This is the way that some organisms (unicellular) reproduce. • Example: E. Coli • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_5bGPa-QXV4

  8. Types of Reproduction • Asexual • 1 parent • Genetically identical offspring • No recombination of DNA • Sexual • 2 parents • Genetically different offspring • Recombination of DNA

  9. 3. Repair • Cells can divide in order to repair tissue or other parts of an organism that are broken. • Example: A starfish can regenerate (regrow) an arm.

  10. Limits of Cell Growth • 4. DNA “Overload” • If the cell is too big, DNA looses control • What is the function of the nucleus? • 5. Surface Area to Volume– • If cell is too big, the rate at which food, oxygen, water, and wastes enter and exit the cell slows down http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FJtwkum_QAY&feature=related

  11. Q - WHY DO CELLS DIVIDE? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UgT5rUQ9EmQ&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o1ewAheYSXs • A - In order to reproduce, grow, and repair themselves ________________________________ • Afterdivision, new cells have all the components necessary to survive

  12. Uncontrolled Cell Growth • Cancer is a disease in which cells divide uncontrollably, forming masses called tumors • Tumors can cause serious medical problems • Not all tumors are bad

  13. Loss of Normal Growth Control Normal cell division Cell Suicide or Apoptosis Cell damage—no repair Cancer cell division First mutation Second mutation Third mutation Fourth orlater mutation Uncontrolled growth

  14. Causes of Cancer • Tobacco • RadiationViral Infections • X-rays • UV (Ultraviolet) • Nuclear

  15. What are cyclins? • Proteins that regulate (control) cell division • What are they made of??

  16. Quick Vocab http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VGV3fv-uZYI

  17. Vocab: Genetic Material • Chromatin - a thin, fibrous form of DNA and protein (a chromosome) • Sister chromatids - 2 identical chromosomes that form during • replication (S-phase) joined at • a centromere • Centromere - point where sister chromatids join and where spindle fibers attach

  18. Genetic Material DNA double helix Chromosome Centromere Supercoils Histones Chromatin

  19. 6H2O + 6CO2 Enzymes C6H12O6 + 6O2 Light The process represented by the equation above occurs within cells of which organism? A. a mushroom B. a human C. a grasshopper D. a bean plant CPS

  20. What generalization can be made from the data table? A. As height increases weight usually increases B. The height of an individual usually determines his or her weight C. No relationship exists between height and weight D. As height increases weight usually decreases CPS

  21. Cell Division http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/07/26/growing-body-parts-from-h_n_659273.html http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o1ewAheYSXs

  22. Mitotic cell division • One cell divides into 2 identical daughter cells • Same # & kind of chromosomes as parent cell • Basis for body development and body cell reproduction. • Purpose:To grow and develop from zygote  fetus  baby  adult and to create more body cells(Ex:Skin cells making more skin cells)

  23. Which diagram most correctly represents the process of mitosis? • A. C. • B. D. CPS

  24. The Cell Cycle Section 10-2 G1 phase M phase S phase G2 phase

  25. 2 Parts of the Cell Cycle • 1. Interphase • A. G1 • B. S Growth & Preparation • C. G2 • 2. Cell Division (AKA: M Phase) • A. Mitosis (nuclear division) • Prophase; Metaphase; Anaphase; Telophase • B. Cytokinesis (cytoplasm division)

  26. INTERPHASE

  27. G1 PHASE • growth and development occur

  28. S PHASE • “synthesis” Phase • DNA replication / synthesis occurs

  29. G2 PHASE • More growth and development (organelles, cytoplasm, etc)

  30. 1. PROPHASE • Chromosomes condense (thicken) • Centrioles move to opposite ends of the cell • Nuclear membrane breaks down • The longest phase of mitosis

  31. 2. METAPHASE • Chromosomes line up at center (middle) of the cell

  32. 3. ANAPHASE • Spindle fibers contract (shrink) • Sister chromotids separate to form individual chromosomes

  33. 4. TELOPHASE • Chromosomes uncoil • Nuclear membrane reforms

  34. CYTOKINESIS • The cytoplasm of the cell divides at the end of telophase • Forms two daughter cells that are identical to the parent cell (each have a complete set of chromosomes)

  35. Mitosis in Plant Cells • In anaphase a cell plate forms between the two new nuclei • A new cell wall forms, and the daughter cells are divided • Plants have no centrioles Cell plate

  36. Mitosis is essential to life because it___ A. contains four stages for gametes. B. maintains genetic continuity from one cell to the next. C. controls cell functions to ensure successful development. D. provides energy for the cells. CPS

  37. The process of mitosis cell division normally results in the production of A. two cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. B. one cell with a replicated set of homologous chromosomes. C.four cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. D.two cells with only one chromosome from each set of homologous chromosomes. CPS

  38. A> Prophase B> Metaphase C> Anaphase D> Telophase/cytokinesis E> interphase

  39. The diagram represents two different cells undergoing mitotic cell division. Which statement about these divisions is true? A. Division A could occur in a bean plant and Division B could occur in a maple tree B. Division A could occur in a grasshopper and Division B could occur in a hydra C. Both divisions could occur in a human D. Division A could occur in grasshopper and Division B could occur in a maple tree CPS

  40. Which event occurs in the cytoplasm of plant cells but not in the cytoplasm of animal cells? • A. centriole formation • B. centriole replication • C. cell plate formation • D. chromosome replication CPS

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