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Cluster Computing

Cluster Computing. Slides by: Kale Law. Cluster Computing. Definition Uses Advantages Design Types of Clusters Connection Types Physical Cluster Interconnects Examples Sources. Definition.

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Cluster Computing

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  1. Cluster Computing • Slides by: Kale Law

  2. Cluster Computing • Definition • Uses • Advantages • Design • Types of Clusters • Connection Types • Physical Cluster Interconnects • Examples • Sources

  3. Definition • A computer cluster is a group of linked computers, working together closely so that in many respects they form a single computer. The components of a cluster are commonly, but not always, connected to each other through fast local area networks. Clusters are usually deployed to improve performance and/or availability over that provided by a single computer, while typically being much more cost-effective than single computers of comparable speed or availability.

  4. Uses • Medicine / Biochemistry (molecular level simulations)‏ • Weather forecasting (ocean current simulation)‏ • Engineering problems (car crash simulation etc.)‏ • Genetics Research (human genome project)‏ • Physics (Quantum simulations)‏

  5. Advantages • Supercomputers are expensive when measured using $/MFlops • Workstations are cheap • Supercomputers from workstations are cheap (but they may be hard to program)‏ • Commercial Of The Shelf (COTS) components • May grow infinitely large • If one processor fails then the rest survives

  6. Design • Which network to use? • Latency • Bandwidth • Price • Which CPU architecture to use? • Performance (FP)‏ • Price • Which node architecture to use? • Performance: local and remote communication • Price • Space Considerations • Cooling/ventilation • Power required

  7. Types of Clusters • High Performance Clusters • Beowulf; 1000 nodes; parallel programs; MPI • Load-leveling Clusters • Move processes around to borrow cycles (eg. Mosix)‏ • Web-Service Clusters • LVS; load-level tcp connections; Web pages and applications • Storage Clusters • parallel filesystems; same view of data from each node • Database Clusters • Oracle Parallel Server;

  8. Connection Types • WAN • ’infinite distance’ • LAN • Few kilometers • SAN • Few meters

  9. Physical Cluster Interconnects • FastEther • Gigabit EtherNet • 10 Gigabit EtherNet • ATM • cLan • Myrinet • Memory Channel • SCI • Atoll • ServerNet

  10. Examples of cluster computing • Beowulf Clusters • NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 1993 • Readily available low cost components, low cost interconnects • Best cost/performance ratio • Used today • Berkeley NOW • Network Of Workstations • Early example of cluster computing • STFX cs sun cluster • Sony Playstation 3 • Protein gene sequencing

  11. Sources • Check out http://www.eg.bucknell.edu/~hyde/tfcc/vol1no1-dialog.html for an interesting discussion on the topic • http://www.diku.dk/hjemmesider/ansatte/vinter/CC/ • Wikipedia

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