Instructor: Carol Jean Cox

1. 13 States & Articles of Confederation Government Instructor: Carol Jean Cox

2. Articles of Confederation Government • Design for Government • Downfall of the Confederation Government • The Confederation & the Northwest Territory

3. Articles of Confederation Government • Design for Government • ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION 1781-87 • testing ground for government • NO PRESIDENT • NO EXECUTIVE • NO FEDERAL COURT • POWERS: One State = One vote • States gave consent to be governed under the Articles of Confederation

4. Articles of Confederation Government • Design for Government • ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION 1781-87 • Confederation - a loose joining together • States gave some rights to a central government • LOOSE UNION • idea of separateness was stronger than that of unity • NOTE: the reason they didn't establish a strong central government was because of their fear and remembrances of Parliament & English control

5. Articles of Confederation Government • Design for Government ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION 1781-87 • 1) power to borrow money • 2) no power to tax • 3) regulate currency • 4) establish a postal service for communication between states • 5) direct foreign affairs • 6) make treaties • 7) handle Indian affairs • 8) settle interstate disputes

6. Articles of Confederation Government • Design for Government • Downfall of the Confederation Government • The Confederation & the Northwest Territory

7. Articles of Confederation Government • Downfall of the Confederation Government • No revenue to implement above ideas • Amendment of the articles needed to tax • All amendments must be "unanimous" • Intentionally created in a weak state . . .Why? TOO WEAK TO FUNCTION

8. Articles of Confederation Government • Downfall of the Confederation Government • Problems Leading to the Downfall 1. Forts built by British in Ohio Valley • British were still in the forts in America (furs) • confederation had no foreign policy 2. Spain controlling the Mississippi River • confederation had no foreign powers

9. Articles of Confederation Government • Downfall of the Confederation Government • Problems Leading to the Downfall 3. Domestic problem - depression of 1784 • Great Britain dumped low priced goods in America • unemployment - because American manufacturing couldn’t compete Articles of confederation had no power to regulate foreign trade!

10. Articles of Confederation Government • Downfall of the Confederation Government • Problems Leading to the Downfall 4. Debtor Problem • owed money sent to jail if unable to pay • soldiers - promissory notes • debt owed to soldiers • desperate started to use notes at a lesser rate • "SHAY'S REBELLION" (Daniel) 1786 • 1000 farmers marched on local arsenal • resisted sheriffs when they came to collect money owed

11. Articles of Confederation Government • Downfall of the Confederation Government • Problems Leading to the Downfall • "SHAY'S REBELLION" (Daniel) 1786 • Shay had the support of many • Many had no representation because of Massachusetts constitution • only property owners could vote • common man had no way to redress their grievances • Rebellion against injustices

12. Articles of Confederation Government • Downfall of the Confederation Government • Problems Leading to the Downfall • "SHAY'S REBELLION" (Daniel) 1786 • How many farmers in legislature? none • property owners could vote but farmers couldn't elect their own • this event challenged the validity of whether the state government was truly representative • Critical Event - showing weakness of the articles government & it’s inability to deal with internal problems

13. Articles of Confederation Government • Downfall of the Confederation Government • Problems Leading to the Downfall "SHAY'S REBELLION" (Daniel) 1786 "Whenever any encroachments are made either upon the liberties on properties of the people, if redress cannot be had without, it is virtue in them to disturb government." a rebel sympathizer Massachusetts’s legislature responded “In a republican government, the majority must govern: if everyone opposed at his pleasure it is no government... “

14. Articles of Confederation Government • Downfall of the Confederation Government • Problems Leading to the Downfall "SHAY'S REBELLION" (Daniel) 1786 George Washington was mortified “hang them because of their methods” Samuel Adams “These are the times that try men’s souls” Thomas Paine "Tree of liberty must be refreshed with the blood of patriot and tyrant alike" T. Jefferson DEMOCRACY IS A CONTINUAL STRUGGLE

15. Articles of Confederation Government • Design for Government • Downfall of the Confederation Government • The Confederation & the Northwest Territory

16. Articles of Confederation Government • The Confederation and the Northwest Territory • west of existing states - south of Great Lakes • Ohio/Mississippi Valleys • attitudes after war - some states felt "we all should have some fruits of victory” • Land Measures • 1784 - states created from territory would be equal to original 13 - Ohio, Kentucky

17. Articles of Confederation Government • The Confederation and the Northwest Territory • Land Measures • 1785 - LAND ORDINANCE SYSTEM • survey pattern for land • to facilitate sales of all land • one section for schools

18. Articles of Confederation Government • The Confederation and the Northwest Territory • Land Measures • 1787 - NORTHWEST ORDINANCE One of the last provisions of the articles government. • 1) not less than 3 states not more than 5 would be created from the new territory • 2) Slavery banned in Northwest

19. Articles of Confederation Government • Slavery in new states • Originally in the Declaration of Independence abolished slavery but struck out by south (Virginia) • Northern states did away with slavery - • Mass, R.I. Connecticut had no need for it • Now referencing states as northern and southern not New England, middle and south. became a divisive issue in the future

20. Articles of Confederation Government • The Confederation and the Northwest Territory • Land Measures • 1787 - NORTHWEST ORDINANCE • 1) 3- 5 states created from the new territory • 2) slavery banned in Northwest • 3) public education - section T&R • 4) new states equal with original 13 states PROBLEMS LEAD TO THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE CONSTITUTION

21. Articles of Confederation Government • Design for Government • Downfall of the Confederation Government • The Confederation and the Northwest Territory

22. 13 States & Articles of Confederation Government Instructor: Carol Jean Cox