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8. CHAPTER. SECONDARY STORAGE. Competencies. Distinguish between primary & secondary storage Discuss the different types of storage media Floppy disk, hard disk and optical disk Describe the traditional floppy disk and the high capacity floppy disks

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  1. 8 CHAPTER SECONDARY STORAGE

  2. Competencies • Distinguish between primary & secondary storage • Discuss the different types of storage media Floppy disk, hard disk and optical disk • Describe the traditional floppy disk and the high capacity floppy disks • Describe various types of hard disk devices Internal HD , HD cartridge and HD packs.

  3. Competencies cont. • Describe ways to improve hard-disk operations Disk caching, data compression • Describe the different types of optical disks • Describe other kinds of secondary storage devices . Solid state storage, internet drives and magnetic tape

  4. Primary storage Volatile Temporary It loses all of its contents when power to the system unit is shut off. Secondary storage Nonvolatile Permanent Writing : is the process of saving information. Reading: is the process of accessing information. Storage RAM

  5. Secondary storage characteristics • Media( actual physical material that holds the data and programs, Example: CD). • Capacity( measured how much a particular storage medium can hold) • Storage devices (are hardware that reads data and program from storage media) • Access speed ( measures the amount of time required by storage device to retrieve data and program).

  6. Secondary Storage Devices

  7. Traditional Floppy Disk Floppy Disks • Diskettes • Flexible disk and Floppies The plastic disk inside the diskette cover is flexible • Portable storage media • Floppy disk drives (FDD) • Store data and programs by altering the electromagnetic charges on the Disk surface to represent ones and zeroes. • Characters are represented by positive + and – charges using ASCII code.

  8. Traditional Floppy Diskette 3.5 inch, 1.44 MB

  9. Types of Floppies • High capacity • Known as a floppy-disk cartridge • Require special disk drives • Three well known types • Zip disks (Iomega) 100MB, 250MB, 750MB • HiFD disks (Sony) 200MB, 720MB, read and store data on 1.44MB disk • SuperDisks (Imation) 240MB, 120MB

  10. Zip disks (Iomega) • HiFD disks (Sony) • SuperDisks (Imation)

  11. Hard Disks • Use thicker, metallic platters for storage • Faster than a floppy diskette • Large capacity • Sensitive instruments

  12. Materials that Cause a Head Crash A head crash occurs when a read/write head makes contact with the hard disk’s surface or with particles on its surface. • Three types of HD • Internal H.D • H.D Cartridge. • H.D Pack.

  13. Internal Hard Disk • Located inside system unit • Known as a fixed disk • Designated as the C drive • Advantages over floppies • Access speed • Capacity

  14. PC Card Hard Disks Hard-Disk Cartridges • Removable hard disks • Used to complement internal hard disk • Capacities of 10 to 20 GB

  15. PC Card Hard Disks Peerless Disk

  16. Hard-Disk Packs • Removable • Massive storage capacity • Common in mainframes • Used in Banks and credit cards companies.

  17. Hard-Disk Pack

  18. Performance Enhancements • Disk caching • Redundant arrays of inexpensive disks (RAID)expanding external storage several hard disk drives are connected to one another. • File compression and decompression

  19. Optical Disks • Compact • Permanent storage • Optical disk use reflected light. • The 1s and 0s are represented by flat areas called lands and bumpy areas called pits. • Two common types • CD ( 650 MB to 1GB) • DVD ( 4.7 GB to 17 GB)

  20. Compact Disc • Optical format • From 650 MB to 1 GB capacity • Rotation speeds vary It determines how fast data can be transferred from the CD 24X or 24- speed CD drive can transfer 3.6 MB per second. • Types • Read only: CD-ROM • Write once: CD-R • Rewriteable: CD-RW • Picture CDs and Photo CDs

  21. Digital Versatile Disc • Digital Versatile Disk or Digital Video Disk (DVD) • Similar to CDs, but can store more data • Types • Read only • Write once • Rewritable

  22. DataPlayCD-R • Optical disk • Write once format • Quarter size • 500 MB capacity • Holds 5 hours of CD-quality sound • Use for storing and playing music files • Data play format ( search for it)

  23. Other Types of Secondary Storage • Solid-state storage • Internet hard drives • Magnetic tape

  24. Solid-State Storage • Flash memory cards • Widely used in notebook computers • Used to record MP3 music files • Key chain hard drives • Key chain flash memory devices • Connects to a USB port

  25. Internet Hard Drives Special service sites on the WEB provide users With storage

  26. Magnetic Tape • External storage • Provides sequential access • Information stored in sequence • Slower than disks which provide direct access • Magnetic tape streamers or tape cartridges used by both mainframes and microcomputers

  27. A Look to the FutureBlu-Ray Technology • New standard in storage • Blu-Ray • New disks use blue laser light instead of the red laser light used in traditional CD players • Disks may ultimately hold • Over 30GB on one-sided disks • Over 50GB on two-sided disks

  28. 1.44 MB 31/2-inch disk (211) 2HD (211) access time (210) C drive (213) capacity (210) CD (compact disc) (216) CD burner (216) CD-R (CD-recordable) (216) CD-ROM (compact disc-read only memory) (216) CD-RW (compact disc rewritable) (217) DataPlay (220) density (211) direct access (221) disk caching (213) Diskette (210) Key Terms

  29. disk (210) DVD (digital versatile disc or digital video disc) (217) DVD-RW or DVD+RW (DVD rewritable) (217) DVD-R or DVD+R (DVD recordable) (217) DVD-RAM (DVD-random-access memory) (217) DVD player (217) DVD-ROM (digital versatile disc-read only memory) (217) Erasable optical disk (217) file compression (215) Key Terms

  30. file decompression (215) fixed disk (212) flash memory card (221) flexible disk (211) floppies (211) floppy disk (210) floppy disk drive (FDD) (210) Floppy-disk cartridge (211) hard disk (212) hard-disk cartridge (213) hard-disk pack (214) head crash (212) HiFD disk (212) high capacity floppy disk (211) Key Terms

  31. i-drive (221) internal hard disk (212) Internet hard drive (221) jewel box (216) key chain hard drives (221) label (211) land (216) magnetic tape (222) magnetic tape reel (222) magnetic tape streamer (222) media (210) medium (210) multiread (217) multisession (217) nonvolatile storage (210) online storage (221) Key Terms

  32. optical disk (216) optical disk drive (216) PC Card hard disk (214) Photo CD (217) Picture CD (217) pit (216) platters (212) primary storage (210) reading (210) redundant arrays of inexpensive disks (RAID) (215) removable hard disk (213) rotational speed (216) secondary storage (210) secondary storage device (210) sector (211) Key Terms

  33. sequential access (221) shutter (211) single-session (217) solid-state storage (220) storage devices (210) SuperDisk (212) tape cartridge (222) track (211) volatile storage (210) write-protection notch (211) writing (210) Zip disk (211) Key Terms

  34. FAQs • What is the difference between primary storage and secondary storage? • What kinds of floppy disks are available? • What is the C drive of a computer? • When would I use a hard-disk cartridge? • What is the difference between a CD and a DVD?

  35. Discussion Questions • Discuss three ways to improve the performance of hard disks. • Describe the different types of compact discs. • Describe the different types of DVDs. • What are the advantages and disadvantages of using an Internet hard drive? • Describe solid state technology. Discuss the many uses for key chain flash memory devices.

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