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BTS – Devices II

BTS – Devices II. Sensors Detection, Surveillance, Protection. Sensor Sense. Monitors border for incursions Beyond border At border Inside border Triggers alarms Transmits triggers and data to control centers (CC)in real-time Tracks target after crossing Responds to CC commands

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BTS – Devices II

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  1. BTS – Devices II Sensors Detection, Surveillance, Protection CSE 8394

  2. Sensor Sense • Monitors border for incursions • Beyond border • At border • Inside border • Triggers alarms • Transmits triggers and data to control centers (CC)in real-time • Tracks target after crossing • Responds to CC commands • Triggers flares/light CSE 8394

  3. Types of Sensors • Deployment classification: Combination of mobile and fixed • Satellite • Airborne • Maritime • Ground-based • Technology/ application: • Seismic • Radar • Infrared • Magnetic • Sonar • Trip-flares • Fiber-optic • CCD • Laser • Fence Technologies CSE 8394

  4. Selection Factors • External • Threat • Environment • Legal restrictions • Sensor characteristics • Resolution • Coverage • Power requirement • Communication • Sensor functionality • Price • Ease of installation and maintenance CSE 8394

  5. Levels of Sensor Integration • Level 0 – Baseline • Passive sensors with one way communication • Level 1 • Control center can manually adjust sensors • Remote software updates • Detection threshold control • Level 2 – Co-located active sensors • Electro-optical • Thermal imaging • Level 3 – Full integration • Passive sensors cue cameras for images • Access to database • Automatic sensor fusion CSE 8394

  6. Seismic Sensors • Used to detect activities on ground/underground • Stealth detection • Two types • Inertial seismometers - measure ground motion relative to an inertial reference (a suspended mass), • Strainmeters or extensometers - measure the motion of one point of the ground relative to another • Inertial motion more sensitive than the differential motion • Implementation more challenging for Strainmeters CSE 8394

  7. Microwave Motion Detectors • Floods an area with an electro-magneitic field • Any movement in the zone disturbs the field and sets off an alarm • Two types • Bistatic • Monstatic – good for quick deployment • Limitations • Slow motion may be undetected • External interference may cause false positives CSE 8394

  8. Electrostatic Field Disturbance Sensors • Generate an electrostatic field between/around an array of wire conductors • Sensors detects changes/distortions • Ideal for fences, walls & roofs • Very sensitive • Limitations • Extraneous movements will trigger CSE 8394

  9. Video Motion Detection (VMD) Sensor • Event detection and observation of event in progress • Detection through observing changes in camera’s field of view • Ideal with overt/covert cameras CSE 8394

  10. Micro-Strain Fiber Optic Sensors • New and advanced in-ground or fence mounted detection system utilising a multi core fiber • Detect minute vibrations even from sounds, via deflections in the laser beam • Long coverage • Very low false alarms • Quick installation (just 10 cm under ground) CSE 8394

  11. Leaky Coaxial Cable Sensors • Used for covert detection • Two coaxial cables buried under ground to generate invisible filed • Could be in the same conduit • Usually 1 m apart • Disturbance in the filed triggers alarm CSE 8394

  12. Other Sensors • Microphonic cable fence distaurbance sensors • Stereoscopic video motion detection system • Virtual fence • Combination of acoustic, seismic, and IR sensors to detect, locate, and identify human activity in a protected area • Sophisticated IDDF (Identification and Direction Finding) algorithms • Underwater sensors • Sonar sensors CSE 8394

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