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Chapter 35 Serway & Jewett 6 th Ed.

Chapter 35 Serway & Jewett 6 th Ed. How to View Light. As a Ray. As a Wave. As a Particle. The limit of geometric (ray) optics, valid for lenses, mirrors, etc. What happens to a plane wave passing through an aperture?. Point Source Generates spherical Waves. { }. E o B o.

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Chapter 35 Serway & Jewett 6 th Ed.

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  1. Chapter 35 Serway & Jewett 6th Ed.

  2. How to View Light As a Ray As aWave As a Particle

  3. The limit of geometric (ray) optics, valid for lenses, mirrors, etc. What happens to a plane wave passing through an aperture? Point Source Generates spherical Waves

  4. { } Eo Bo cos (kx - t) y E x B Surface of constant phase For fixed t, when kx = constant z

  5. Index of Refraction 1 n1 = 2 n2

  6. When material absorbs light at a particular frequency,the index of refraction can become smaller than 1!

  7. Reflection and Refraction

  8. Oct. 18, 2004

  9. Fundamental Rules forReflectionandRefractionin the limit of Ray Optics • Huygens’s Principle • Fermat’s Principle • Electromagnetic Wave Boundary Conditions

  10. Huygens’s Principle

  11. Huygens’s Principle k All points on a wave front act as new sources for the production of spherical secondary waves Fig 35-17a, p.1108

  12. Incoming ray Outgoing ray Reflection According to Huygens • Side-Side-Side • AA’C   ADC 1 = 1’

  13. Refraction

  14. Fig 35-19, p.1109

  15. Show via Huygens’s Principle Snell’s Law v1 = c in medium n1=1 and v2 = c/n2 in medium n2 > 1.

  16. Fundamental Rules forReflectionandRefractionin the limit of Ray Optics • Huygens’s Principle • Fermat’s Principle • Electromagnetic Wave Boundary Conditions

  17. Fermat’s Principle and Reflection A light ray traveling from one fixed point to another will follow a path such that the time required is an extreme point – either a maximum or a minimum.

  18. Fig 35-31, p.1115

  19. n1 sin 1 = n2 sin 2 Snell’s Law Rules for Reflection and Refraction

  20. L L P S Optical Path Length (OPL) n = 1 n > 1 For n = 1.5, OPL is 50% larger than L When n constant, OPL = n geometric length.

  21. Fermat’s Principle, Revisited A ray of light in going from point S to point Pwill travel an optical path (OPL) that minimizes the OPL. That is, it is stationary with respect to variations in the OPL.

  22. Fundamental Rules forReflectionandRefractionin the limit of Ray Optics • Huygens’s Principle • Fermat’s Principle • Electromagnetic Wave Boundary Conditions

  23. ki = (ki,x,ki,y) kr = (kr,x,kr,y) kt = (kt,x,kt,y)

  24. Fig 35-22, p.1110

  25. Fig 35-25, p.1111

  26. Fig 35-24, p.1110

  27. Fig 35-23, p.1110

  28. Total Internal Reflection

  29. Total Internal Reflection

  30. p.1114

  31. p.1114

  32. Fig 35-30, p.1114

  33. Fig 35-29, p.1114

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