1 / 60

Momentum

Momentum. What is momentum? p = mv How does momentum change? (impulse) ‏ I = mΔv = fΔt Quiz ! Conservation of momentum pinitial = pfinal. Elastic and inelastic collisions Quiz ! Momentum conservation in 2D Problem Solving Integrating our knowledge. What is Momentum?.

keona
Download Presentation

Momentum

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Momentum • What is momentum? • p = mv • How does momentum change? (impulse)‏ • I = mΔv = fΔt • Quiz! • Conservation of momentum • pinitial=pfinal • Elastic and inelastic collisions • Quiz! • Momentum conservation in 2D • Problem Solving • Integrating our knowledge

  2. What is Momentum?

  3. Momentum in the Vernacular • In everyday experience, momentum is the amount “unf” an object has So what factors affect the momentum of an object?

  4. What affects Momentum? Which has more “unf”? • A biker going at 20 mph • A car going at 20 mph

  5. What affects Momentum? Which has more “unf”? • A biker going at 20 mph • A car going at 20 mph A car will certainly hurt more, why? Because it is more massive (more mass)‏

  6. What affects Momentum? Which has more “unf”? • A car going at 10 mph • A car going at 2 mph

  7. What affects Momentum? Which has more “unf”? • A car going at 10 mph • A car going at 2 mph The faster car will have more “unf”, why? Because faster things are harder to stop

  8. Momentum Defined Momentum is the product of mass and velocity This is normally written p = m x v Bolded letters denote vectors What are the units of momentum? p = m x v m: kg v: m/s p: kg • m/s :kilogram meters per second

  9. p=mv What is the momentum of a bee that weighs 10 grams and flies at 2 m/s? How does that compare to a tortoise that weighs 1kg and moves at .05m/s?

  10. p=mv What is the momentum of a bee that weighs 10 grams and flies at 2 m/s? 10g=.01kg p=mv=.01x2= .02kgm/s How does that compare to a tortoise that weighs 1kg and moves at .05m/s? p=mv=1x.05= .05kgm/s The tortoise has more momentum.

  11. p=mv Which has more momentum, my car or me?

  12. p=mv Which has more momentum, my car or me? vcar=0 vme= something like 1m/s pcar = mcar * vcar = mcar *0 = 0 pme = mme* vme = mme * something like 1m/s = more than 0

  13. ‏ • How does momentum change? (impulse)‏ • I = mΔv = fΔt

  14. How Does Momentum of an Object Change? p=mv Consider Δp=Δmv What does this mean? Why is this not a change in momentum of the object?

  15. How Does Momentum of an Object Change? p=mv Consider Δp=mΔv What does this mean?

  16. How Does Momentum of an Object Change? p=mv Consider Δp=mΔv This means that velocity is changing. Unlike Δm, Δv does not imply that the object is falling apart or clumping together

  17. Introducing Impulse • Δp is know as impulse (I)‏ • Think of impulse as a change from the default path. (Momentum would keep carrying me this direction but I changed it)‏ • I had a sudden impulse to “” (I was suddenly did something that was not planned)‏

  18. Δp = I = mΔv A bowling ball (5kg) moving at 5m/s bowls through a set of bowling pins. Right before the ball falls down the shoot it is going 3m/s What is the impulse the bowling pins provide to a bowling ball?

  19. Δp = I = mΔv A bowling ball (5kg) moving at 5m/s bowls through a set of bowling pins. Right before the ball falls down the shoot it is going 3m/s What is the impulse the bowling pins provide to a bowling ball? I = mΔv I = m*(vfinal – vinitial)‏ I = 5*(3-5)=-10kgm/s

  20. Other Ways to Find Impulse I = mΔv Remember: a = Δv/Δt therefore: Δv = aΔt Substituting in we get: I = maΔt Remember: F=ma Substituting in we get: I=FΔt I = Δp = mΔv = FΔt

  21. I = Δp = mΔv = FΔt In football, a field goal is kicked with the football initially at rest. The football (300g) is kicked at 25m/s.  What was the impulse? 300g=.3kg I = mΔv = m*(Vfinal-Vinitial) = .3*(25-0) = 7.5kgm/s The player's foot was in contact with the ball for .1 seconds.  What is the average force during the time of contact? I = FΔt 7.5 = F * .1 F= 75 N

  22. I = Δp = mΔv = FΔt I want to open a cracked door by throwing a ball at it. If I have two balls of equal mass, one bouncy, and the other clay, which of the two should I throw to achieve my goal? The bouncy one The clay one It doesn’t matter, they are the same Z) I have no clue

  23. Clay ball Bouncy ball

  24. Two-Minute Problem A loaded truck collides with a car causing a huge damage to the car. Which of the following is true about the collision? A. The force on the truck is greater than the force on the car B. The force on the car is greater than the force on the truck C. The force on the truck is the same in magnitude as the force on the car D. The car and truck accelerate in the same direction E. During the collision the truck has greater acceleration than the car Z. I have no idea

  25. Conservation of Momentum Recall Newton's Third law: Every action has an equal and opposite reaction: F1=-F2 When I push on the desk it pushes back on me with equal force in the opposite direction.

  26. Steel ball demo I = Δp = mΔv = FΔt Compare the force of Ball1 on Ball 2 to Ball 2 on Ball 1 Compare the time of contact for Ball 1 with Ball 2 to the time of contact for Ball 2 with Ball 1

  27. Steel ball demo Compare the force of Ball1 on Ball 2 and Ball 2 on Ball 1 F12 = -F21 Compare the time of contact for Ball 1 with Ball 2 to the time of contact for Ball 2 with Ball 1 Δt12 = Δt21

  28. Derivation of Conservation of Momentum Recall from last class that I = Δp = mΔv = FΔt F1 = -F2 Δt1 = Δt2= Δt I1= F1 Δt I2 = F2 Δt = - F1 Δt I1=-I2 In any interaction, momentum gain of one object is equal to the loss of momentum from another

  29. Quick check An astronaut (80kg) in space kicks off of his space shuttle at 1.5m/s. What is the impulse that he provides to the space shuttle? (Assume that away from the space shuttle is the positive direction)‏ What is the impulse that the space shuttle provides to him? What is the total change in momentum of the space shuttle and the astronaut together? 120 kgm/s 240 kgm/s 0 kgm/s -120 kgm/s Z) I have no idea

  30. Total Momentum of a System is conserved If there are no outside forces acting on an system, the momentum of that system remains constant; it is conserved This is the property momentum conservation. ptotal = Σp = p1 + p2 + p3 + … ptotalinitial = ptotalfinal

  31. Momentum Conservation ptotal = Σp = p1 + p2 + p3 + … ptotailnitial = ptotalfinal A 10 kg object moves at a constant velocity 2 m/s to the right and collides with a 4 kg object moving at a velocity 5 m/s to the left. Which of the following statements is correct? A. The total momentum before and after the collision is 20 kg·m/s B. The total momentum before and after the collision is 40 kg·m/s C. The total momentum before and after the collision is 10 kg·m/s D. The total momentum before and after the collision is 30 kg·m/s E. The total momentum before and after the collision is zero

  32. Momentum Conservation ptotal = Σp = p1 + p2 + p3 + … ptotailnitial = ptotalfinal A freight car A with a mass of 24,000 kg moves at a constant velocity of 8 m/s on a horizontal railroad track and collides with an empty stationary car B with a mass of 24,000 kg. After the collision the car A is moving at 3 m/s in the same direction. What is the velocity of car B after the collision? A. 1 m/s B. 3 m/s C. 5 m/s D. 7 m/s D. 11 m/s

  33. Momentum Conservation ptotal = Σp = p1 + p2 + p3 + … ptotailnitial = ptotalfinal The same situation as before: A freight car A with a mass of 24,000 kg moves at a constant velocity of 8 m/s on a horizontal railroad track and collides with an empty stationary car B with a mass of 24,000 kg. However, after the collision the car A is moving at 3 m/s in the opposite direction. What is the velocity of car B after the collision? A. 1 m/s B. 3 m/s C. 5 m/s D. 7 m/s D. 11 m/s

  34. ptotal = Σp = p1 + p2 + p3 + … ptotailnitial = ptotalfinal Time to get tricky, you may need a calculator: A loaded freight car A with a mass of 24,000 kg moves at a constant velocity of 8 m/s on a horizontal railroad track and collides with an empty stationary car B with a mass of 8,000 kg. After the collision the cars stick to each other and moves like one object. What is the velocity of two cars after the collision? A. 2 m/s B. 4 m/s C. 6 m/s D. 8 m/s D. 12 m/s

  35. Homework: • Periods 2 and 3: • We do not have a quiz tomorrow, however I expect you to be able to do the practice quiz on the website. If you don’t feel comfortable with it take extra care reviewing the physics classroom • Review the Physics Classroom • “Momentum Conservation Principle” • (link on website)‏

  36. Today’s Schedule (Jan. 5)‏ • Summary of Equations • Schedule for the next week and a half • Test on Jan. 13th (Friday next week)‏ • Today’s material: Review momentum equation uses

  37. Momentum in a Nutshell • p = mv • Δp = I = mΔv = FΔt • ptotal = Σp = p1 + p2 + p3 + … • ptotailnitial = ptotalfinal

  38. p=mv What is the momentum of a bee that weighs 10 grams and flies at 2 m/s? 10g=.01kg p=mv=.01x2= .02kgm/s How does that compare to a tortoise that weighs 1kg and moves at .05m/s? p=mv=1x.05= .05kgm/s The tortoise has more momentum.

  39. I = Δp = mΔv = FΔt In football, a field goal is kicked with the football initially at rest. The football (300g) is kicked at 25m/s.  What was the impulse? 300g=.3kg I = mΔv = m*(Vfinal-Vinitial) = .3*(25-0) = 7.5kgm/s The player's foot was in contact with the ball for .1 seconds.  What is the average force during the time of contact? I = FΔt 7.5 = F * .1 F= 75 N

  40. ptotal = Σp = p1 + p2 + p3 + … • An astronaut (80kg) in space kicks off of his space shuttle at 1.5m/s. What is the impulse that he provides to the space shuttle? (Assume that away from the space shuttle is the positive direction)‏ • What is the impulse that the space shuttle provides to him? • What is the total change in momentum of the space shuttle and the astronaut together? • 120 kgm/s • 240 kgm/s • 0 kgm/s • -120 kgm/s • Z) I have no idea

  41. ptotailnitial = ptotalfinal ptotal final = m₁f x v ₁f + m ₂f x v₂f ptotal initial = m₁i x v ₁i + m ₂i x v₂i ptotailnitial = ptotalfinal

  42. No Official Homework We will be working on more difficult problems from here on out If you are not comfortable with the concepts covered today you will get lost and not benefit from our practice problems Review kinematics if the projectile motion was difficult

  43. Egg Throw! (bring a jacket)‏

  44. Other Similar Impulse Applications • Climbing ropes • Airbags • Circus Nets • Diving Golf/Baseball: following through on your swings

  45. Sample Test Question: Ball A of mass 0.10 kg is sliding at 1.4 m/s on the horizontal tabletop of negligible friction shown above. It makes a head-on collision with a target ball B of mass 0.50 kg at rest at the edge of the table. As a result of the collision, the Ball A rebounds, sliding backwards at 0.70 m/s immediately after the collision. (a) Calculate the speed of Ball B immediately after the collision. (b) Calculate the horizontal displacement d.

  46. (a) Calculate the speed of the 0.50 kg target ball immediately after the collision. We use conservation of momentum to solve this one. The tabletop is 1.20 m above a level, horizontal floor. The target ball is projected horizontally and initially strikes the floor at a horizontal displacement d from the point of collision.

  47. (b) Calculate the horizontal displacement d. This is a projectile motion problem. We know the ball’s horizontal velocity and the height of the table, so we can easily find the horizontal distance it travels as it falls. Time to fall: The ball has a horizontal velocity of 0.42 m/s (which we just figured out), so the distance d is simply:

  48. 2 Dimensional Momentum Which of the following are possible final momenta for the case below? A B C D E F

  49. Full 2D Problem on Board Ball 1 (1kg) travelling at 5m/s collides with Ball 2 (4kg) travelling at 3m/s After the collision Ball 1 is travelling 1m/s at 60 degrees above the x-axis. What is the velocity (direction and speed) of Ball 2?

  50. Tricky Extension In another experiment on the same table, the target ball B is replaced by target ball C of mass 0.10 kg. The incident ball A again slides at 1.4 m/s, as shown above left, but this time makes a glancing collision with the target ball C that is at rest at the edge of the table. The target ball C strikes the floor at point P, which is at a horizontal displacement of 0.15 m from the point of the collision, and at a horizontal angle of 30 from the + x-axis, as shown above right. (c) Calculate the speed v of the target ball C immediately after the collision. (d) Calculate the y-component of incident ball A's momentum immediately after the collision.

More Related