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Darwin’s Case For Evolution

Darwin’s Case For Evolution. Struggle for existence. High birth rates and shortage of life’s needs Food and living space Fitness – ability to survive and reproduce in your environment Survival of the fittest. Adaptation. Characteristic to increase fitness

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Darwin’s Case For Evolution

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  1. Darwin’s Case For Evolution

  2. Struggle for existence • High birth rates and shortage of life’s needs • Food and living space • Fitness – ability to survive and reproduce in your environment • Survival of the fittest

  3. Adaptation • Characteristic to increase fitness • Successful adaptations allow one to be better able to survive and reproduce • inheritable

  4. Evidence for Evolution • Darwin argued that living things have been evolving on Earth for millions of years. Evidence for this process could be found in the fossil record, the geographical distribution of living species, homologous structures of living organisms, and similarities in early development.

  5. Paleontology • Study of the fossil record as a picture of life’s changes • Comparison of the different layers of rock • Darwin learned through his studies that fossils formed in different layers of rock were evidence of gradual change over time. • Different layers even provided evidence of how a specific species changed over time.

  6. Fossil Evidence physical remains 45 second movie http://darwiniana.org/horses.htm

  7. Biogeography • The distribution of animals and plants in an area

  8. Beaver • Under different pressures, once similar organisms could wind up different over long periods of time and many generations. Beaver Muskrat Beaver andMuskrat Coypu Capybara Coypu andCapybara NORTH AMERICA Muskrat Capybara SOUTH AMERICA Coypu

  9. Giant Tortoises of the Galápagos Islands Pinta Tower Marchena Pinta IslandIntermediate shell James Fernandina Santa Cruz LUSH Vegetation Isabela Santa Fe Hood Island Saddle-backed shell Floreana Hood DRY LANDSCAPE Isabela Island Dome-shaped shell

  10. Morphology • Study of the form and structure of living organisms • Some organs are present in many organisms with similarities

  11. 4.  Homologous Body Structurescommon genes Alligator Turtle Mammals Bird Typical primitive fish Structures which have different mature forms but develop from similar embryonic tissues

  12. Morphology • Homologous structures • Characteristics which are shared by related species • Different mature structure, but similar in development • Evidence of a common ancestor, and descent with modification

  13. Vestigial Organs • Organs that are remnants of earlier stages in life • Example: Human appendix

  14. Embryology • Comparing development, especially vertebrates (animals with backbones) • Similar development  common ancestor

  15. Similar embryonic development*early stages of development, chickens, turtles, and rats look similar *share a common ancestry (and common developmental genes)

  16. Guess the Embryo: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/evolution/guess-embryo.html Click Launch Interactive and work through the program

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