Sands and Dusts Cover Beijing City, Flying Like Snow The City of Golden Armor

1. Sands and Dusts Cover Beijing City, Flying Like Snow The City of Golden Armor ----- Past and present situations of sands and dusts in Beijing 07 & 08 the Fifth Group for Introduction of Environmental ScienceNovember 2008

2. Abstract • Wind begins, yellow sands follow • Past and present situations of sands and dusts in Beijing • Say goodbye to "sandstorm" Phenomenon Causes of formation Governance

3. Wind Begins, Yellow Sands Follow

4. Wind Begins, Yellow Sands Follow

5. Wind Begins, Yellow Sands Follow

6. Wind Begins, Yellow Sands Follow

7. Wind Begins, Yellow Sands Follow

8. Wind Begins, Yellow Sands Follow • The most straightforward saying: Beijing City encounters soil falling from the sky once again • The most romantic saying: the city of golden armor • The most pessimistic saying: human treatment is not effective • The most scientific saying: sands and dusts fall down with gravity • The most calm saying: sands and dusts fall down due to high temperature and less water • The most objective saying: sands and dusts are not completely useless • The most humorous saying: God is engaged in decoration, screening the sands

9. Past and Present Situations of Sands and Dusts in Beijing • The sandy and dusty weather is a kind of severe weather occurring in a specific geographical environment and the context of large-scale circulation. • Since 440 A.D., there have been records of strong sandstorm in Beijing area, several frequent sandstorms occurring in the Northern Wei, Jin and the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Sandstorms in Beijing are mostly active during the cold and drought periods, but they also have a relationship with the use manner of land, and the orientation and degree of intervention in surrounding natural environment.

10. Past and Present Situations of Sands and Dusts in Beijing Figure 1 Annual changes of dust weather in Beijing

11. Past and Present Situations of Sands And Dusts in Beijing

12. Past and Present Situations of Sands and Dusts in Beijing

13. Past and Present Situations of Sands and Dusts in Beijing From Zhuri of Inner Mongolia, via Zhangjiakou and Yanghe Valley of Hebei Province, affecting northwest path of Beijing From Hunshandake sand land of Inner Mongolia, via Heihe Valley of Hebei Province, affecting north path of Beijing • 1、Source of sands Alxa League Bayannur League, Wulanchabu and Xilin Gol League of Inner Mongolia, northern Hebei Province, the Loess Plateau of China, together with Mongolia, is the major source of sands and dusts in Beijing 河北桑干河地区，沿永定河谷而影响北京的偏西路径

14. Past and Present Situations of Sands and Dusts in Beijing • 2. Driving Force • In north China, instable stratification in near-ground surface produces weak upward movement, which carry dust particles under the influence of easterly wind moving to Beijing area; • As the mid-and lower atmosphere over the Beijing area is unstable, leading to difficult settlement of ions and resulting in continuous dust weather.

15. Past and Present Situations of Sands and Dusts in Beijing • 3.Other Factors • Precipitation (spring of the current year and winter of the previous year) • Vegetation cover (desertification) • Air temperatures rise, warm weather • Human engineering (construction of buildings, etc.)

16. Say Goodbye to Sandstorm • To protect the environment, restoration of vegetation • To promote disaster reduction technologies according to local conditions • To conserve natural resources, rational development and utilization • To control population growth, to reduce the pressure from human factor on land • To establish surrounding ecological barrier against wind and sand • To implement the "Law of the Peoples Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Desertification"

17. Say Goodbye to Sandstorm A case of murder on the spring Already premeditated It is a high-profile conduct on the north land No one stood up to stop the murder in the broad daylight Everyone watched No one had the power to prevent this murder in broad daylight Everyone was talking with hate

18. Say Goodbye to Sandstorm Everyone became a mastermind, conspiracy, Or at least accomplices A spring died in all eyes A spring was dying killed by the mastermind, conspiracy and accomplices

19. Say Goodbye to Sandstorm A natural term An artificial verb The murder of a spring And A case of murder on the spring Already premeditated Only wheat and crows come to mourn

20. Tnank you!