Professional Identity and Boundaries

1. Professional Identity and Boundaries Making Sense of the Standards

2. Regulation of Occupations • Provinces have the authority to regulate and establish standards for workers in different occupations. This is created through legislation. • On January 9, 2012, the legislature passed the Teachers Act which created a hybrid or shared responsibility regulatory system based on two foundational principles: the publicinterestand transparency.

3. Regulation of Teachers • All teachers, principals, superintendents whether in public, independent or First Nations schools must holds certificates to teach. • A certificate is like a license to practice – you cannot work as teacher or administrator in BC without a certificate.

4. 1. BC Teachers’ Council 16 council members including: • 5 elected from among the certificate holders • 3 appointed by the Minister from a list submitted by the BCTF on behalf of public school teachers • 7 appointed by the Minister from lists submitted by other education partners on behalf of their members • 1 appointed by the Minister to represent the Minister (non-voting)

5. BC Teachers’ Council • Establishes standards for the education, competence and conduct of certificate holders • Establishes standards for applicants’ qualifications and fitness • Evaluates and approves teacher education programs for the purpose of certifying their graduates • Carries out its duties in the public interest • Separate and independent of government • Separate and independent of the organizations to which they belong

6. 2.Commissioner • Appointed by Cabinet, the Commissioner is independent of government and oversees the discipline process. • The Honorable Bruce Preston • Retired BC Supreme Court judge • Appointed for 5 years

7. Commissioner Receives reports and complaints regarding possible breaches of the Standards from: • the public • employers – boards, independent school authorities • attorney-general’s office • other certificate holders – more later • other sources such as the media

8. Commissioner Determines what processes should be undertaken with respect to a report from an employer or a complaint from the public. • take no further action • undertake an informal resolution • order an investigation • initiate an alternate dispute resolution • issue a citation leading to a hearing

9. 3. Disciplinary and Professional Conduct Board (DPCB) • Provides the Commissioner with a pool of council members and lay persons who can serve on hearing panels. • Three people sit on a hearing panel to act as judges and determine whether or not a certificate holder has breached the Standards, and if so, what penalty should be imposed.

10. Disciplinary and Professional Conduct Board (DPCB) • Penalties include reprimands, suspensions or cancellations of certificates. • Hearing panels must act independently of government or any other group • Actin the public interest.

11. 4. Director of Certification • Issues Certificates of Qualification for applicants who meet all of the necessary requirements, based on the standards set by the BC Teachers Council. • Issues Independent School Teaching Certificates based on requirements set out by a separate board. • Issues letter of permission on a temporary basis when a certified teacher cannot be found to fill a position. • Maintains a registry of certificate holders and an employers’ area on the TRB website.

12. 5. Teacher Regulation Branch (TRB) – Not created under the Teachers Act • A fifth entity, the TRB, is part of the Ministry of Education and provides administrative support for the BC Teachers Council, the Commissioner and the DPCB. • BUT the TRB is not a decision-making body. It only provides the necessary assistance to the decision-makers: the BC Teachers Council, the Commissioner, the DPCB and the Director of Certification

13. Overview of the Regulatory Model

14. Understanding Regulationand Advocacy

15. Understanding Employment and Regulation

16. How the TRB Can Help • We act as a resource of information for questions related to Standards, certification, qualifications, competence and conduct. • We communicate with and educate certificate holders and others about the important work of teacher regulation – teaching standards and the expectations that the public has for educators.

17. What questionsdo you have?

18. Standards • Describe a desired and achievable level of performance by which actual performance can be measured. • Measurable expectations of performance • Degree of excellence • Standards are considered to be the hallmark of a profession.

19. Standards for the Education, Competence and Professional Conduct of Educators in BC • Eight statements of principle, along with brief descriptors, that describe what certificate holders in BC should know and be able to do as well as the conduct they must adhere to. • All applicants must sign that they understand and will abide by these Standards

20. Standards in Practice This session will attempt to help you answer the questions: • What do the Standards mean – how can I interpret them? • What should I understand about the Standards that will help me in my everyday work and life? • How will these tools help me to be a better teacher? • How will understanding the Standards help to keep students safe?

21. Case Studies: Considerations • Relationships with others • Appropriateness of the actions • Professional autonomy, responsibility and accountability • Standard(s) involved • Consequences for students • Appropriate consequences • Prevention

22. Mr. Marshall • Friday afternoon. Sunny. Hot. The school was slow and lethargic. One of those desultory days in May when the thermometer suggested August and the bodies in the building were drooping with the need to be out of the furnace-blasted hallways and classrooms. Ten minutes to the bell. • Anton Marshall left his office – well maybe not an office but a small room with a desk, and soccer balls, and grass hockey sticks, and baseball bases and brightly coloured though faded pinneys – and walked past the boys changing room. • Ahah! The unmistakable smell of cigarette smoke hit his nostrils. In one smooth motion the ex-wrestler with 15 years experience under his belt, turned to the custodian’s closet, unlocked it, grabbed the largest bucket he could find and filled it with cold water from the industrial sink.

23. Mr. Marshall • He marched back to the entrance of the changing room and, yelling “FIIIIRRRRRRE” at the top of his lungs, ran into the room and with a mighty swing, emptied the contents of the bucket on the 16 young men who were in the process of dressing after their showers. Not all of them had been smoking but all their clothes were soaked. Their books and back packs, with cell phones and iPADs were soaked. • Anton Marshall laughed and said that they all had to be in the principal’s office within five minutes. He then left the room.

24. Standard 1 Educators value and care for all students and act in their best interests. • Educators are responsible for fostering the emotional, esthetic, intellectual, physical, social and vocational development of students. They are responsible for the emotional and physical safety of students. Educators treat students with respect and dignity.Educators respect the diversity in their classrooms, schools and communities. Educators have a privileged position of power and trust. They respect confidentiality unless disclosure is required by law. Educators do not abuse or exploit students or minors for personal, sexual, ideological, material or other advantage.

25. Standard 2 Educators are role models who act ethically and honestly. • Educators act with integrity, maintaining the dignity and credibility of the profession. They understand that their individual conduct contributes to the perception of the profession as a whole. Educators are accountable for their conduct while on duty, as well as off duty, where that conduct has an effect on the education system. Educators have an understanding of the education system in BC and the law as it relates to their duties.

26. Ms. Shai • Marlene Shai had been teaching at South Hilltop Middle School for just over a year. She was not having fun. A normally self-effacing person, Ms. Shai found the students in this middle school intimidating. She struggled with management issues and seemed to be just able to keep the “lid on” as her principal characterized it. • A number of students in Ms. Shai’s Humanities classes had not been coming to class regularly and she was afraid that they were skipping her classes. When she asked a colleague if she had trouble with attendance with the students she learned that there were no problems with other classes.

27. Ms. Shai • Ms. Shai knew she had to phone the parents but she was afraid of what they might say. What if they berated her and told her she was a bad teacher? How would she respond? Her fears kept her silent. The students kept skipping and their marks dropped. • On parents’ night, Ms. Shai had a long list of parents who wished to see her. In desperation that afternoon she posted a sign on her classroom door saying that she was sick and left the building.

28. Case Studies Considerations • Relationships with others • Appropriateness of the actions • Professional autonomy, responsibility and accountability • Standard(s) involved • Consequences for students • Appropriate consequences • Prevention

29. Standard 1 Educators value and care for all students and act in their best interests. • Educators are responsible for fostering the emotional, esthetic, intellectual, physical, social and vocational development of students. They are responsible for the emotional and physical safety of students. Educators treat students with respect and dignity. Educators respect the diversity in their classrooms, schools and communities. Educators have a privileged position of power and trust. They respect confidentiality unless disclosure is required by law. Educators do not abuse or exploit students or minors for personal, sexual, ideological, material or other advantage.

30. Standard 2 Educators are role models who act ethically and honestly. • Educators act with integrity, maintaining the dignity and credibility of the profession. They understand that their individual conduct contributes to the perception of the profession as a whole. Educators are accountable for their conduct while on duty, as well as off duty, where that conduct has an effect on the education system. Educators have an understanding of the education system in BC and the law as it relates to their duties.

31. Standard 3 Educators understand and apply knowledge of student growth and development. • Educators are knowledgeable about how children develop as learners and as social beings, and demonstrate an understanding of individual learning differences and special needs.This knowledge is used to assist educators in making decisions about curriculum, instruction, assessment and classroom management.

32. Standard 4 Educators value the involvement and support of parents, guardians, families and communities in schools. • Educators understand, respect and support the role of parents and the community in the education of students. Educators communicate effectively and in a timely manner with parents and consider their advice on matters pertaining to their children.

33. Standard 5 Educators implement effective practices in areas of classroom management, planning, instruction, assessment, evaluation and reporting. • Educators have the knowledge and skills to facilitate learning for all students and know when to seek additional support for their practice. Educators thoughtfully consider all aspects of teaching, from planning through reporting, and understand the relationships among them. Educators employ a variety of instructional and assessment strategies.

34. Standard 7 Educators engage in career-long learning. • Educators engage in professional development and reflective practice, understanding that a hallmark of professionalism is the concept of professional growth over time. Educators develop and refine personal philosophies of education, teaching and learning that are informed by theory and practice. Educators identify their professional needs and work to meet those needs individually and collaboratively.

35. Mr. Hotte • Douglas Hotte taught in a mid-sized town in central BC. He spent two years as a TOC and was hired on a continuing contract to teach grade ¾ at a school that served the local population and surrounding ranching communities. • Mr. Hotte was an average teacher, neither well-loved nor hated. He was quiet and had a few good friends within the school. He helped coach the girls volleyball team and volunteered regularly to supervise extracurricular events such as band concerts and drama productions.

36. Mr. Hotte • At the end of one school year, the staff and students were horrified to hear that Mr. Hotte’s wife had been hospitalized with sever injuries to her head and upper body. Mr. Hotte had been arrested for assault. • At trial, Mr. Hotte pled guilty to the charge and was given a conditional sentence including 200 hours of community service and keeping a clean record.

37. Case Studies Considerations • Relationships with others • Appropriateness of the actions • Professional autonomy, responsibility and accountability • Standard(s) involved • Consequences for students • Appropriate consequences • Prevention

38. Standard 2 Educators are role models who act ethically and honestly. • Educators act with integrity, maintaining the dignity and credibility of the profession. They understand that their individual conduct contributes to the perception of the profession as a whole. Educators are accountable for their conduct while on duty, as well as off duty, where that conduct has an effect on the education system. Educators have an understanding of the education system in BC and the law as it relates to their duties.

39. Living up to the Standards • Balancing autonomy with responsibility and accountability • Understanding the importance of the work of teachers as relational • Establishing boundaries in those relationships that keep children/students safe

40. Competence or Incompetence • Competence refers to the ability to successfully carry out the duties of an educator • For example, keep accurate records, manage a classroom and students, plan engaging, thought-provoking learning experiences, assessing, evaluating and reporting on learning • Incompetence is the inability to perform the duties of an educator appropriately • Example Ms. Shai

41. Conduct or Misconduct • Conduct refers to the particular behaviours that educators exhibit in the course of their work but that are not directly related to the skills of teaching. • Include inappropriate touching of students within the school or on a field trip. • Misconduct is often a result of misunderstanding the nature of appropriate relationships with students and others but may also be more pathological. • Example Mr. Marshall

42. Conduct Becoming or Unbecoming a Professional • Conduct unbecoming a professional is conduct that occurs outside of the employment situation but that does not reflect well upon the educator and the profession. • This may include criminal activity or other situations that could bring disrepute on the education system. • Examples are speaking publicly about anti-Semitic views or having sexual relations with an underage non-student. • Example Mr. Hotte

43. Professional consequences on behalf of the public and the profession Criminal charges on behalf of society Educator Conduct Civil charges on behalf of the victim Multiple Jeopardy Employment consequences on behalf of local students

44. Schewan and Schewan vs Abbotsford School District • The reason why off-the-job conduct may amount to misconduct is that a teacher holds a position of trust, confidence, and responsibility. If he or she acts in an improper way, on or off the job, there may be a loss of public confidence in the teacher and in the public school system, a loss of respect by students for the teacher involved, and other teachers generally, and there may be controversy within the school and within the community which disrupts the proper carrying on of the educational system… • The question in this case is not whether the photograph is obscene, but whether the publication of such a photograph of a teacher in such a magazine will have an adverse effect upon the educational system to which the teacher owes a duty to act responsibly…

45. Attis vs New Brunswick School Board [44] …The integrity of the education system also depends to a great extent upon the perceived integrity of teachers. It is to this extent that expression outside the classroom becomes relevant. While the activities of teachers outside the classroom do not seem to impact directly on their ability to teach, they may conflict with the values which the education system perpetuates. [43] …teachers are a significant part of the unofficial curriculum because of their status as “medium.” In a very significant way the transmission of prescribed ”messages” (values, beliefs, knowledge) depends on the fitness of the “medium” (the teacher).

46. R vs AudetSupreme Court of Canada • [41] In my view, no evidence is required to prove that teachers play a key role in our society that places them in a direct position of trust and authority towards their students. Parents delegate their parental authority to teachers and entrust them with the responsibility of instilling in their children a large part of the store of learning they will acquire during their development. • [43] In short, I am of the view that in the vast majority of cases teachers will indeed by in a position of trust and authority towards their students… it cannot be concluded that a teacher is not in a position of trust and authority towards his or her students without going against common sense.

47. Mr. Ecks You have noticed a teacher on your staff paying a great deal of attention to one grade 10 female student. She is with him alone in the classroom after school and at lunch. On a Saturday, you see the same teacher at an out-of-town mall food court talking with the student. Later, you see them exiting the mall together, when they briefly hold hands. Talk together and consider: • What are the possible implications of what you have seen and what concerns would you have? • What are your responsibilities? How should you proceed?

48. Grooming and Sexual Abuse • Situational abusers – likely Audet • Preferential or serial abusers – cases in the media such as Sandusky at Penn State or hockey coach Graham James • Many serial abusers are not caught until they have abused many times • The abused children or youth are scarred for life and may even commit suicide

49. Grooming • Any behavior that tends to focus on developing an improper relationship with a person who has less power • Prepares the person with less power (student or child) to do things s/he normally would not do – engage in a sexual act • The relationship may at first seem caring to an outside observer or to the victim but will slide into inappropriate actions

50. Grooming • The relationship may seem to benefit the student or child but is focused on the needs of the groomer/abuser • The groomer seldom uses coercion or violence to achieve his goals, preferring to use charm and manipulation • Both men and women engage in grooming and abuse but the overwhelming majority are men • Child Sexual Predator: The Familiar Stranger