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Chapter 72

Chapter 72. Early Jazz. Lecture Overview. Can jazz be defined? Origins of jazz: ragtime, blues, popular songs, dance music Ragtime: Scott Joplin and “Maple Leaf Rag” Blues: Bessie Smith and “Lost Your Head Blues” New Orleans jazz: King Oliver and “Dippermouth Blues”

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Chapter 72

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  1. Chapter 72 Early Jazz

  2. Lecture Overview • Can jazz be defined? • Origins of jazz: ragtime, blues, popular songs, dance music • Ragtime: • Scott Joplin and “Maple Leaf Rag” • Blues: • Bessie Smith and “Lost Your Head Blues” • New Orleans jazz: • King Oliver and “Dippermouth Blues” • Louis Armstrong and “West End Blues • Review

  3. Typical Characteristics of Piano Rags • moderate march tempo • duple meter • percussive treatment of the piano • syncopated melody, regular accompaniment • pieces composed and played as written • multithematic, multisectional form with contrasting trio sections

  4. Typical Characteristics of Early Blues • flexible in medium (vocal or instrumental) • wide range of expression • use of blue notes • swinging, vocal rhythms • variations upon a 12-measure harmonic pattern

  5. Typical Characteristics of the New Orleans Style of Early Jazz • small bands divided between melody and rhythm groups of instruments • any type of music (ragtime, popular songs, dance music, blues) • group improvisation

  6. Scott Joplin, “Maple Leaf Rag,” 1899 Multithematic, multisectional form

  7. James P. Johnson, “Carolina Shout,” 1921 Multithematic, multisectional form

  8. Bessie Smith, “Lost Your Head Blues,” 1926 12-measure blues form (variational)

  9. King Oliver, “Dippermouth Blues,” 1923 12-measure blues form

  10. Louis Armstrong, “West End Blues,” 1928 12-measure blues form

  11. Review Key Terms • jazz • ragtime • rag • Scott Joplin • syncopation • stride • walking bass • blues • blue notes • call-and-response • improvise • chorus • fill • spiritual • minstrel show • verse-and-refrain form • jazz standard • foxtrot • Charleston • James Reese Europe • rhythm section • New Orleans style • Joe “King” Oliver • stop time • break • Louis Armstrong • scat singing

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