Lesson 4C - All Hazard Incidents

1. Lesson 4C - All Hazard Incidents Overview of the National Response Framework and the Role of Wildland Fire Agencies In Disaster Response

2. Objectives Understand the National Response Framework and all hazard authorities of the Federal Emergency Management Agency through the Robert T Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act. Understand the primary and support role of wildland fire agencies during Disasters and Emergencies. Understand Emergency Authorities in Manuals and Handbooks.

3. First, a question… What year and what event was our (USFS) first all hazard disaster response?

4. 1906 San Francisco Earthquake Documented in a letter to “The Forester”, Gifford Pinchot.

5. Traditional Roles • During the 1990’s, IMTs were used to support earthquake responses (Northridge), domestic terrorism incidents (OK City bombing), and special events (Olympics), but were usually only deployed for natural events. • Up to September 11, 2001, IMTs were traditionally assigned logistical support duties during natural disasters such as hurricanes.

6. Communications Support Receiving and Distribution Material Management Action Planning

9. World Trade Center Involvement • Since September 11, 2001, wildland fire agency responsibilities and involvement in Federal Response Plan mobilizations have changed significantly. • World Trade Center and Pentagon attacks brought new mission assignments to the wildland fire agencies.

10. World Trade Center Involvement • In New York City IMT skills and expertise were needed to manage multiple distribution centers in two states and to operate the I C P and Base Camp in Manhattan.

11. World Trade CenterPlanning Mission • IMT planning involvement: • The daily Incident Action Plan for the World Trade Center terrorist attack incident was prepared by the IMT at the Duane Street Fire Station.

12. Virginia Avian Flu OutbreakApril-July 2002 • FS Directed to supply IMT by the Secretary of Agriculture • APHIS was Lead Agency – Initially skeptical and resistant to IMT support • After a couple of weeks APHIS was sold on ICS and IMT use • APHIS officials vowed never to do another disease response without an IMT • If an Avian Flu outbreak occurred under the NRF, USDA would be the lead agency

14. Columbia Shuttle Response • IMT’s managed the ground search in 4 different areas or zones • Managed airborne search • Utilized over 23,000 firefighters and overhead from February thru April • 9 Type 1 Incident Mgt Teams mobilized • 11 Type 2 Incident Teams mobilized

16. Hurricanes of 2004 & 2005 • FEMA assigned drastically different missions to our IMT’s (as compared to previous years) • First time for “Base Camp” missions • First time for “Community Relations” missions • First time for “Blue Tarp” and “Trailer” missions • During Katrina, over a three month period, we deployed all four Area Command Teams, 16 of 17 Type I national teams, most of the 54 Type II teams, as well as many Type III teams

17. Hurricanes of 2004 & 2005(Continued) • First time that an IMT managed a base camp for evacuees (San Antonio) • Duration of missions far exceeded past experience, lasting months • Several unusual mission assignments (such as supporting a Disaster Mortuary and Cameron Parish)

18. Federal Emergency Assistance • The President may direct any Federal Agency, with or without reimbursement, to utilize the authorities and resources granted to it under Federal Law, in support of State, local and tribal emergency assistance efforts to save lives, protect property and public health and safety, and lessen or avert the threat of a catastrophe.

19. Authorities • Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act. 42 USC 521. (Public Law 93-288, as amended) • Title 44 of the Code of Federal Regulations (44 CFR) • National Response Framework (NRF) • Executive Orders (EO) • FEMA Regulations and Policies • Other Federal Agency Statutory Authorities and Programs.

20. National Response Framework • Replaced the National Response Plan in September of 2007 • “Establishes a comprehensive all-hazards approach to enhance the ability of the U.S. to manage domestic incidents.”

21. National Response Framework • Signed by 29 federal departments and agencies and 3 non-governmental organizations • Other federal agencies outside DHS can be tasked • National – not just Federal • Contingency based • Addresses all types of hazards

22. National Response Framework • Consists of: • Base Plan – provides structure & processes • Appendixes – relevant, more detailed supporting information • Emergency Support Function (ESF) Annexes – describes assigned missions, policies, structure and responsibilities of Federal agencies.

23. National Response Framework (Cont.) • Consists of: 4. Incident Annexes – provide information specific to certain types of incidents 5. Support Annexes – provide guidance and describe functional processes and administrative requirements

24. Incident Annexes • Biological Incident (revised 2008) • Catastrophic Incident (revised 2008) • Food & Agriculture Incident (revised 2008) • Mass Evacuation (revised 2008) • Nuclear/Radiological Incident (revised 2008) • Cyber Incident (2004) • Terrorism Incident Law Enforcement and Investigation (2004)

25. Support Annexes • Financial Management • International Coordination • Logistics Management • Private-Sector Coordination • Public Affairs • Science & Technology • Tribal Relations • Volunteer & Donations Management • Worker Safety & Health

26. NRF – Emergency Support Functions • The NRF employs a functional approach that groups agencies into 15 ESF’s to provide types of direct assistance that a State is most likely to need (e.g., firefighting, urban search and rescue, mass care, as well as the kinds of Federal operations support necessary to sustain Federal response actions (e.g., transportation, communications).

27. ESF Annexes to the NRF • ESF #1 – Transportation (DOT) • ESF #2 – Communications (DHS-NCS) • ESF #3 – Public Works and Engineering (COE) • ESF #4 – Firefighting (USFS) • ESF #5 – Emergency Management (FEMA) • ESF #6 – Mass Care, Housing & Human Services (FEMA, ARC) • ESF #7 – Resource Support (GSA) • ESF #8 – Public Health and Medical Services (HHS)

28. ESF Annexes to the NRF • ESF #9 – Urban Search and Rescue (DHS-USAR and DOI) • ESF #10 – Oil & Hazardous Materials (EPA) • ESF #11 – Agriculture & Natural Resources (USDA) • ESF #12 – Energy (DOE) • ESF #13 – Public Safety & Security (DOJ) • ESF #14 – Long-term Community Recovery & Mitigation (FEMA) • ESF #15 – External Affairs (DHS)

29. ESF Support – Department of Agriculture • The Forest Service is listed as the ESF Coordinator and Primary Agency for ESF #4 • The Forest Service is also listed as a support agency for 11 of the other ESF’s

30. ESF Support – Department of Interior • DOI has a primary role on ESF#9 for inland wilderness search and rescue • DOI has a primary role on ESF#11 for natural, cultural, and historic sites. USDA is the Coordinator for ESF#11 (Agriculture and Natural Resources). • DOI is also listed as a support agency for 11 of the other ESF’s.

31. Example - ESF # 1Transportation(see handout – Briefing Paper) • FS and DOI are support agencies • Specific mission is: “Provides transportation assets when Forest Service assets are the most effective method.”

33. COMPARING ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES FEMA STATE USFS NATIONAL NRCC National Response Coordination Center (aka EST, HQ) NIFC/WO National Fire Center /Washington Office REGIONAL RRCC Regional Response Coordination Center (aka ROC) SACC/RO Southern Area Coord. Center /Regional Office (fire aka SACC) STATE JFO Joint Field Office (aka DFO) SEOC State Emergency Operations Center SICC/SO State IA Coord. Center /Supervisors Office (aka State/Forest)

34. Joint Field Office Collectively this group is called the JFO coordination group

35. A few other DHS abbreviations IMAT - Incident Management Assistance Team (old Emergency Response Team or ERT) RFA – Request For Assistance MA – Mission Assignment ISB – Incident Support Base (old staging areas such as NLSA, LSA, or OSA)

36. Forest Service Manual 1500- External Relations contains most of the emergency authorities for emergency assistance activities. DOI emergency authorities are located in the Emergency Operations Handbook, which is a supplement to Department Manual 900 DM 1, Emergency Planning and Operations Emergency Authorities

37. Key Points for WildlandFire Agencies • Our involvement is not optional!! • We work for the President & the Secretaries of Agriculture & Interior and various State Governors, and they have committed us to emergency response. • Good experience for employees. Exposure to other agencies carries many benefits. • Extended missions can be a severe burden on our agencies.

38. More information is Available www.fema.gov/emergency/nrf http://gacc.nifc.gov/sacc

41. Objectives • Understand the National Response Framework and the All Hazard Authorities of the Federal Emergency Management Agencies through the Robert T Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act. • Understand the role of the wildland agency resources when supporting other emergency support functions during Disasters and Emergencies. • Understand Emergency Authorities in Manuals and Handbooks.