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Acids and Bases

Acids and Bases. Solutions. Solution: homogeneous mixture of two substances: Solute: the substance that changes state (Sugar) + Solven t: the substance that does not change (Water) Solution (sugar water)

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Acids and Bases

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  1. Acids and Bases

  2. Solutions • Solution: homogeneous mixture of two substances: Solute: the substance that changes state (Sugar)+ Solvent: the substance that does not change (Water) Solution (sugar water) • Concentration: the amount of anything dissolved in a solution; the amount of solute to the volume of solvent (mass/volume)

  3. Solutions • Dilution: the addition of more solvent to create a less concentrated dilution • Dissociation: chemical compound dissolves in water the solute separates into two or more ions • Ions: chemical compound that has a positive or negative charge • Cations (+) positive charge • Anions (-) negative charge

  4. Acids • group of chemical compounds that produce hydrogen ions (H⁺) when mixed with water • Every acid has at least one hydrogen (H) atom in the chemical formula that produces hydrogen ions (H⁺) HCL H⁺ + Cl⁻ • producing a H⁺ also produces a negative ion, Cl⁻ • Greater amount of acid dissolved = greater amount of H⁺

  5. Bases • A group of chemical compounds that produce hydroxide ions (OH⁻) when mixed with water • Every base has at least one Oxygen and one Hydrogen atom in their chemical formula that produces hydroxide ions (OH⁻) NaOH Na⁺ + OH⁻

  6. pH Scale • pH scale allows scientist to measure the concentration of hydrogen ions (H⁺) • Scale starts at 0 with a high conc. of (H⁺) and continues to 14 with a low conc. of (H⁺) • Strongest acids are found at 0 and weakest at 14

  7. pH Scale • pH of 7 is neutral= neither acidic or basic (H₂O) • Substances with a pH higher than 7 are basic with 14 being a strong base • 0(Strong Acid) 7(neutral) 14(strong Base)

  8. pH Scale

  9. Mixing Acids and Bases • When mixed with water hydroxide ions react with hydrogen ions to form water, removing hydrogen from the solution(OH⁻ + H⁺ H₂O) • When an acid and a base react to form H₂O and reduce the H⁺ conc. is called neutralization

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