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Institutional aspects of the political systems in South-Eastern Europe

Institutional aspects of the political systems in South-Eastern Europe. Political systems in South-Eastern Europe POL 4 8 2 Věra St ojarová. What is Balkan? Western Balkan, southern, eastern?? Dates: (395, 1054, end of 14, century, 1453) Dissolution of yugoslavia into what??

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Institutional aspects of the political systems in South-Eastern Europe

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  1. Institutional aspects of the political systems in South-Eastern Europe Political systems in South-Eastern Europe POL 482 Věra Stojarová

  2. What is Balkan? Western Balkan, southern, eastern?? Dates: (395, 1054, end of 14, century, 1453) Dissolution of yugoslavia into what?? Nations, ethnics, religions, language, script, lliteracy, life standard Main features of Slovenia and the Western/Eastern Balkan states

  3. Consolidated/non-consolidateddemocracy Democracyistheonly game in townThe majority beleivesthatdemocracyisthewayhow to solvetheproblemswhiletheantisystemicoppositionismarginalizedTheinstitutions are obliged and used to dealwiththepoliticalconflictsaccording to establishedprocedures and norms Consolidateddemocracy: Slovenia, Bulgaria, Romania, Croatia Semi-consolidateddemocracy: Macedonia, Albania, Serbia, Montenegro, Non-consolidateddemocracy: BiH, Moldova, Kosovo

  4. Factors which influence consolidation Prior experiencewithdemocracy Economicgrowth international relations dominance oftheinternalfactorovertheexternalcontributes to democracy Thewayofthetransition Thewayhowtheelites and society sortstheconflictingproblemsout

  5. Parliamentary and presidential regimes according to the Constitution Parliamentaryregime: Albania, Slovenia, Bulgaria, Macedonia, Croatiasince 2001, Serbia, Monte Negro, Kosovo Semi-presidentialregime: BiH, Moldova, Romania Presidentialregime: none (in reality wecouldincludeAlbaniaunderSaliBerisha; CroatiaunderTudjman, SerbiaunderMilošević, MontenegrounderDjukanovicwhen president

  6. Chief of the states – directly elected Bulgaria (5 years, max. 2 terms) Croatia (5 years, max. 2 terms) Macedonia (5 years, max. 2 terms) Moldova (4 years, max. 2 terms) Rumania (5 years, max. 2 terms) Slovenia (5 years, max. 2 terms) Serbia (5 years, max. 2 terms) Monte Negro (5 years, max. 2 terms) Bosnia and Herzegovina (4 years, 3 presidents, rotation system)

  7. Chief of the states – indirectly elected Albania (5 years, max. 2 terms) Kosovo (5 years, max. 2 terms)

  8. Bicameral: Slovenia BiH (15+42) Romania Unicameral: Croatia Albania Kosovo Serbia Monte Negro Bulgaria Macedonia Bicameral vs. Unicameral parliament

  9. Slovenia Consolidateddemocracy Italian and hungariannational minority 1991-2004 liberaldemocrats Since 2004 socialdemocratic party (renamed in 2003 Sloveniandemocratic party) and with Positive Sloveniasince 2013 Bicameralparliament, upperchamberrepresentssocial, regional, economicalinterests and interestsofprofessionalchambers. 2.3.2004 NATO 1.5.2004 EU

  10. Croatia consolidated 1991-1995 civil war 12% serbianpopulation drop 5 % 1990-1999 president Franjo Tudjman, authoritativeregime, semipresidentialism, suppresionofserbian minority, strongest HDZ 1990-2001 bicameralism, since 2001 onlyonechamber , till 2000 HDZ, 2000-2003 SDP, since 2003 HDZ back in power, since 2011 SDP NATO 2009 2013 EU

  11. Bosnia and Herzegovina Not consolidateddemocracy 3 ethnics: 17%Croatians, 31% Serbs,44 %Bosniaks Civil war 1991-1995 daytonpeaceagreement, engagementofCroatia and Serbia BiHdividedinto 2 entitiesFederationofBiH and RS Highrepresentative (since 2009 Valentin Inzko) UN protectorate, missions NATO (IFOR, SFOR, SFOR II), EU Althea Sarajevo agreement 2002 changedDayton – allinstitutionhave to reflecttheethnicsaccording to the census in 1991 3 mainpartiesbased on theethnicity: HDZ, SDS, SDA. Otherpartiesgainingstrength: Union of independent socialdemocrats (serbian) of Milorad Dodik and Party forBiH (bosňianks, attemptformultikulti) and Party fordemocraticprogress (PDP, serbian), Socialdemocratic party forBiH (SDP BiH)

  12. Serbia (and Monte Negro) Slobodan Milošević (1989 -1997 president ofSerbia, 1997-2000 president of FRY authoritativeregime Repressionofalbanians in kosovo, serbianforces vs. KLA 1996-1998; warof NATO vs. Serbia 1999) Decentralisationof Vojvodina Monte NEgro, 1997 elections – effortfortheindependence, Belgradeagreement 2002, came to power 2003 2006 – independenceof CG 2008 – independenceof Kosovo Main pol. Parties: monarchistic SPO Draskovic, radical SRS Sesejl, postcommunisticSerbiansocialist party Dacic, nationalistic DSS Koštunica and democratic DS Tadić, liberals G17 plus, monarchistic Nová Srbija.

  13. Monte Negro MiloDjukanovic Organizedcrime

  14. Macedonia Independence complicated : Greece Bulgaria Serbia Albanian irredentism 2001 escalation of the conflict with the albanian minority – Ohrid peace agreement Main political parties VMRO-DPMNE, SDSM, albanian BDI (from UCK), moderate PDP, radikal DPA. negotiations with EU postponed due to the constant boycott of the Albanian parties in the parliament

  15. Albania Gegs vs. Tosks 1992-1997 Democratic party ofSaliBerisha 1997 coup d etat, anarchy 1997-2005 socialists since 2005 againSaliBerisha, since 2013 socialists Theonlynational minority Bipolar party system – PSSh a PDSh, minor pol. parties . Republikan party of Alb, New democratic party, Party ofdemocraticalliance, greekMovementforhumanrights (PBDNJ), extremisticNational front, monarchistic Legality.

  16. Kosovo • AutonomousprovinceofSerbia • Great powerssince 1974 • Limitationoftheauthonomysincethe 1980´s • 1996-99 war alb vssrb • 1999 NATO air campaign (bombing) • 2003 Constitutionalframework • 17 February 2008 self-proclaimedindependence

  17. Romania 1989 military trial withNicolaeCeauşescu and his wife (brutality oftheregime, independenceofforeignpolicy Polsystem: frenchtradition Symetricalbicameralism 2004 NATO 2007 EU Socialdemocratic party ofRomania (excommunists) vs. ProreformDemokraticconventionofRomania, socialdemocratic union, democratic union ofhungarians, nationalistic party ofGreaterromania, GreaterRomania Party

  18. Bulgaria 2004 NATO 2007 EU Union ofdemocraticforces 91-92, thencollapse and technocraticgovernment til 94, then 94-96 Socialist party ofBulgaria (since 2005 again), 97-2001 union ofdemocraticforces – firstgovernmentwhich had not collapsed and servedthewhole term Nationalmovementof Simeon II. Since 2001, TurkishMovementfortherights and liberties, 2009 GERB Ataka, Great nationalassemblywhenchangingtheconstitution

  19. Moldova Not consolidated Transnistria Communist party in powertill 2009 Vladimir Voronin FormercommunistsformedLiberalDemocratic Party

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