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Italy’s Rise from the Ashes

Italy’s Rise from the Ashes. 1919-1935. What is Fascism?. Nationalism over individualism One charismatic ruler Totalitarian Industry nationalized Militaristic, aggressive Eliminate political opposition. Who Started It?. Italy staggering after WWI Benito Mussolini takes power 1922

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Italy’s Rise from the Ashes

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  1. Italy’s Rise from the Ashes 1919-1935

  2. What is Fascism? • Nationalism over individualism • One charismatic ruler • Totalitarian • Industry nationalized • Militaristic, aggressive • Eliminate political opposition

  3. Who Started It? • Italy staggering after WWI • Benito Mussolini takes power 1922 • Prime Minister • Nationalizes state industry • Undertakes huge public works programs • Cult of personality

  4. African Adventures • Italy invades Ethiopia October 1935 • HaileSelassie begs L.O.N. for help • League worried about angering Italy • “Condemns” Italy, but does nothing

  5. HOW DO YOU STAY ALIVE? What you need: • Every Turn: Food Rent Water • Every Two Turns: Car Electricity Shoes Coat Heating

  6. PRICE CHECK!July 1922 • RENT: 10 • FOOD: 5 • CAR: 7 • ELECTRICITY: 3 • COATS: 2 • HEATING: 2 • SHOES: 1 • WATER: 2

  7. PRICE CHECK!August 1922 • RENT: 15,000 • FOOD: 7,500 • CAR: 10,000 • ELECTRICITY: 4,500 • COATS: 3,000 • HEATING: 3,000 • SHOES: 1,500 • WATER: 3,000

  8. PRICE CHECK!September 1922 • RENT: 45,000 • FOOD: 37,500 • CAR: 50,000 • ELECTRICITY: 22,500 • COATS: 15,000 • HEATING: 15,000 • SHOES: 7,500 • WATER: 15,000

  9. PRICE CHECK!October 1922 • RENT: 450,000 • FOOD: 375,000 • CAR: 500,000 • ELECTRICITY: 225,000 • COATS: 150,000 • HEATING: 150,000 • SHOES: 75,000 • WATER: 150,000

  10. PRICE CHECK!November 1922 • RENT: 4,500,000 • FOOD: 3,750,000 • CAR: 5,000,000 • ELECTRICITY: 2,250,000 • COATS: 1,500,000 • HEATING: 1,500,000 • SHOES: 750,000 • WATER: 1,500,000

  11. PRICE CHECK!December 1922 • RENT: 450,000,000 • FOOD: 375,000,000 • CAR: 500,000,000 • ELECTRICITY: 225,000,000 • COATS: 150,000,000 • HEATING: 150,000,000 • SHOES: 75,000,000 • WATER: 150,000,000

  12. PRICE CHECK!January 1923 • RENT: 900,000,000 • FOOD: 750,000,000 • CAR: 1,000,000,000 • ELECTRICITY: 450,000,000 • COATS: 300,000,000 • HEATING: 150,000,000 • SHOES: 75,000,000 • WATER: 150,000,000

  13. PRICE CHECK!February 1923 • RENT: 9,000,000,000 • FOOD: 75,000,000,000 • CAR: 100,000,000,000 • ELECTRICITY: 45,000,000,000 • COATS: 30,000,000,000 • HEATING: 15,000,000,000 • SHOES: 7,500,000,000 • WATER: 15,000,000,000

  14. PRICE CHECK!March 1923 • RENT: 90,000,000,000 • FOOD: 750,000,000,000 • CAR: 1,000,000,000,000 • ELECTRICITY: 45,000,000,000 • COATS: 300,000,000,000 • HEATING: 150,000,000,000 • SHOES: 75,000,000,000 • WATER: 150,000,000,000

  15. HAPPY TIMES Europe 1923-1933

  16. What You Did To Us • Germany bankrupt in 1923 • British/French troops invade • Dawes Plan to bail out Germans • Allies withdraw 1924 • Bank reorganized, currency stabilized • Nobel Prize in 1925 POTENTIAL PROBLEMS???

  17. And They Lived Happily Ever After? • Stock Crash of 1929 hurts Dawes Act • Young Plan of 1930 to restructure debt • Reduce 90% of payments • 58 ½ years to pay remainder

  18. Everybody Wins! • Eliminate Brest-Litovsk • Kellogg-Briand Pact • League of Nations • General feeling of goodwill

  19. OLD GUY, NEW GUY German Leaders in the 1920s-1930s

  20. I. Paul von Hindenburg • WWI General • Retired, back by popular demand 1925-32 • Re-elected in 1932, but losing power

  21. II. Adolf Hitler (Should we have known?) • Member of Nazi Party • Leading figure • Arrested after failed coup in 1923

  22. PLEASE! PLEASE NO, MR. WEAVER! FOR THE LOVE OF EDUCATION, NO! Grab a copy of The Human Record and read pages 395-399 to see what Hitler’s thinking. Answer questions 1-6.

  23. III. The Bestseller A. Writes Mein Kampfin jail B. Gets out in 1924, but no place left for Socialists C. Party Stagnates

  24. IV. NAZI TIDE • 1932 election returns heavily favor Nazis 1) Hindenburg barely beats Hitler for president 2) Hitler wants control since his party has most seats B. Hindenburg names Hitler chancellor (P.M.) 1/30/33 C. Reichstag Fire 2/27/33 gives Hitler emergency power

  25. READ IT! READ THE SELECTION ON THE REICHSTAG FIRE TO UNDERSTAND HOW HITLER USED IT TO HIS ADVANTAGE!

  26. V. THE S.A. • S.A. Nazi Party “army” • Think Mussolini’s Blackshirts • 4 million members • Secure victory in 1932 elections • Hitler purges 6/30/34 1) “Night of Long Knives”

  27. VI. THE S.S. • Formed 1925 (bodyguards) • Take over as Nazi “army” after “Long Knives” • Brutal, repressive

  28. VII. ROOTS OF A GENOCIDE A. Nuremburg Laws – 1935 B. Kristallnacht 11/9-10/1938 C. Ghettoes/ Deportation

  29. THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS

  30. Growth of the Third Reich

  31. Return of the Saar • Saar region taken from Germany until 1935, administered by French • January 13, 1935: 90%+ in Saar vote to return to Germany • 2nd-most industrial region!!!

  32. Find the Saar!(Hint: It’s pretty small…)

  33. Who’s Being Aggressive? "First, we swear to yield to no force whatever in the restoration of the honor of our people, preferring to succumb with honor to the severest hardships rather than to capitulate. Secondly, we pledge that now, more than ever, we shall strive for an understanding between European peoples, especially for one with our Western neighbor nations...We have no territorial demands to make in Europe!...Germany will never break the peace."

  34. Being Naughty • Hitler violates Treaty of Versailles by… • Rebuilding army (over 500,000 troops!) • Building air force • Building up navy • Hitler violates Treaty of Versailles by… • Remilitarizing Rhineland 3/7/36 • Annexing Austria 3/11/38

  35. REACTIONS FRENCH SAY, “Can somebody help us get them out?” RUSSIANS SAY, “Is anybody else seeing this?!” BRITISH SAY, “Eh…whatever. No war.”* *Churchill, others want to fight

  36. WAS HITLER BLUFFING?! "The forty-eight hours after the march into the Rhineland were the most nerve-racking in my life. If the French had then marched into the Rhineland we would have had to withdraw with our tails between our legs, for the military resources at our disposal would have been wholly inadequate for even a moderate resistance."

  37. APPEASEMENT • Hitler wants Sudetenland • Contains 3 million German-speakers • Hitler meets GB/F in MUNICH, demands to occupy Czech with military • September 29, 1938: Meeting with Hitler yields agreement to give Germans what they want • Hitler invades rest of Czechoslovakia in March 1939

  38. Willkommen!!!

  39. CLIP IT! CHECK OUT THE VIDEO CLIP AND ANSWER THE CORRESPONDING QUESTIONS TO SEE HOW WAR CAME TO EUROPE ONCE AGAIN.

  40. WORLD WAR II (Or is it World War I: Part II?) 1939-1945

  41. PEARL HARBOR • THE SET-UP • U.S. stops selling scrap metal, oil to Japan • “ABCD” still around Japanese holdings • Must attack simultaneously • THE PLAN • Admiral Yamamoto knows U.S. tactics, wants surprise attack • Guarantees 6 months of freedom in seas, but no more

  42. PEARL HARBOR III. THE ATTACK A. Early morning – Sunday, 12/7/41 B. Heavy damage to most of U.S. Pacific Fleet -- Japanese miss aircraft carriers C. Attacks on several strategic Pacific islands

  43. THE RESULTS…

  44. WORLD WAR II (Or is it World War I: Part II?) 1939-1945

  45. NORTH AFRICA • EARLY TROUBLES (June 1940) • Italy cocky, pushes out from Libya • British in Egypt fight back • THE DESERT FOX • Germans send in AfrikaKorps under Gen. Rommel • British pushed back across desert into Egypt

  46. Check out the film clip to see what war in Africa was like! NORTH AFRICA III. Operation Torch (November 9, 1942)

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