SOCIAL – POLITICAL - ECONOMICAL

1. SOCIAL – POLITICAL - ECONOMICAL

2. ☭ SOCIAL SPACE Henri Lefebvre,1991

3. Social Space (1974) “The production of space is a search for a reconciliation between mental space and real space… He seeks… to bridge the gap between the realms of theory and practice, between mental and social, and between philosophy and reality.” The Production of Space, Henri Lefebvre “Lefebvre contends that there are different modes of production of space from natural space to more complex spatialities whose significance is socially produced (i.e. social space).” Place, A Short Introduction, Tim Cresswell 1901 Born 1918-1920 Studied in Paris 1928-1958 Joins French Communists 1961-1965 Professor, Strassbourg 1965-1991 Professor, Nanterre SOCIAL SPACE by Henri Lefebvre

4. WORK NATURE PRODUCT

5. VENICE VENICE…

6. Or VENICE?

7. RIGHT TO THE CITY David Harvey, 2008

8. “The freedom to make and remake our cities and ourselves is, I want to argue, one of the most precious yet most neglected of our human rights.” The Right to the City, David Harvey “Since urbanization depends on the mobilization of a surplus product, an intimate connection emerges between the development of capitalism and urbanization.” The Right to the City, David Harvey Right to the City by David Harvey

9. Local Urban RenewalParis, 1853-1868Baron Haussman Transformed scale of urbanization Annexed suburbs & redesigned neighborhoods New debt financing institutions Paris became the “city of lights” and the “great centre of consumption” Paris Commune1871 Overextended and speculative financial system crashed Napoleon defeated Nostalgia and a desire to take back the city motivated revolution from the dispossessed

10. National SuburbanizationUnited States, 1940s, 50’s, 60’sRobert Moses Transformed scale of urbanization Radical lifestyle changes Shifted center of political conservatism 1968 Revolts Feminist, civil rights, and anti-war movements Violence after MLK assassination Paris – Left Bank Expressway protest Global property bubble burst in early 70’s Part of the revolution centered on urban housing and life, which had changed dramatically after white flight

11. Global Urbanization1980s- Again transformed scale of urbanization Privatization of control over public urban space Lifestyle shift to “pacification by cappuccino” Mortgage Crisis? Occupy Movement? Global Protest? Large scale “creative destruction” and class dispossession Is it possible for scattered local opposition movements to come together to address global issues?

12. Dispossession & Gentrification in Chicago?

13. What is the role of Architects? How can we create spaces that are social works? How can we protect and promote people’s right to the city? QUESTIONS