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P. The nobles and merchants wanted to be independent from the bishops and when this happened the created the city-states middle and lower class citz. can not hold office
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P • The nobles and merchants wanted to be independent from the bishops and when this happened the created the city-states • middle and lower class citz. can not hold office • middle class rose up and took over nobles and created republican city-stated but they didn't last b/c they destroyed the working class • Milan was overthrown by their army • papal states • endless cycles of wars and alliances caused a problem • Cicero argued that the edu. upper class should provide leadership for society • humanist believed Italy should be united under one man • Italy was taken by Hapsburg • resident ambassadors
E • The merchant class was emerging • made economic family ties
R • Dominican preacher Savonarola tries to bring the Church controlled republic back and was executed by the papacy for heresy • papal states • magi thought Gods are divine humans that were made to help humans
With all the danger from other city-states, the intellectuals looked into the past for information • everyone shifted their attention to humanism then later philosophy (greek) • Discovered secrets to the Pagan world including alchemy, astrology, magic • Oration on the Divinity of Man- series of 900 theses on all knowledge • humanist looked to docs. rather than miracles to explain events I
A • Cosimo de' Medici marked a huge artistic achievement • Cosimo's son overthrew him and was a poet • the church was the biggest contributor of art • patronage art- used to show wealth or power • decorating tombs and churches • famous artist