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Chp 18: Physical Geography of Africa

Chp 18: Physical Geography of Africa. Take Five…. Complete the Skill Builder questions on pg 415. Landforms of The African Continent. Plateau over most of the continent 1,000 feet above sea level “plateau continent” Water Basins (depressions) 625 miles wide 5,000 feet deep

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Chp 18: Physical Geography of Africa

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  1. Chp 18: Physical Geography of Africa

  2. Take Five… • Complete the Skill Builder questions on pg 415

  3. Landforms of The African Continent • Plateau over most of the continent • 1,000 feet above sea level • “plateau continent” • Water Basins (depressions) • 625 miles wide • 5,000 feet deep • Ex: Chad, Sudan, Congo, & Djouf Basins • Rivers • Nile=Longest river in the world • 4,000 miles • Provides Irrigation waters • 95% of water resource for Egypt

  4. Nile River

  5. Valleys, Mountains, & Lakes (Oh My…) • Rift Valleys—caused by continental separation • Lake Tanganyika—longest freshwater lake in the world • Lake Victoria—world’s 2nd largest freshwater lake • Volcanic mountains • Mount Kenya • Mount Kilimanjaro--Africa’s Highest Mtn. • Escarpment—steep slope with plateau on top • The Great Escarpment in Southern Africa

  6. Wally Points… • What is the problem associated with rift valleys in Africa?

  7. Africa’s Natural Resources • Rich mineral resources • Gold (30% of world’s resources); Platinum (80%) Cobalt; Copper; Diamonds; Chromium (used in production of stainless steel) • Oil—Libya, Nigeria, Algeria (world’s leading petroleum countries); Angola & Gabon also rich in oil resources • Is not rich in economic development • Exploited by European imperialist countries • Africa slow to develop infrastructure and industries

  8. Gold Production

  9. Take Five… • What do African countries, such as Angola spend the oil money on?

  10. In class assignment…pg 419 • Complete the Economic Map Activity on pg 419

  11. In class assignment • Read Chp 18 Section 3 and make a list of pros and cons for the building of the Aswan Dam • Then, write a paragraph either defending or supporting the Dam

  12. African Climate and Vegetation • Deserts • Kalahari • Namib • Sahara=largest desert in the world • 3,000 miles • Temperatures over 100 during the day and freezing at night • Only 2 million Africans live here • Aquifers=underground water resources • Oasis • Tropics of Africa? • 90% of continent lies between the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn

  13. Kalahari

  14. Sahara

  15. Native Peoples of the Sahara

  16. Take Five… • From the youtube video—how did the Bushmen survive without a lot of rainfall? Where did they live?

  17. The Gods Must Be Crazy…

  18. Oasis in Kenya

  19. Rainfall in Africa • Mediterranean climates in Northern and Southern Africa • Rainfall N =(Dec & Jan) & S = (June & July) • East Africa • Periodic droughts • Central Africa • Rainforest=throughout the year • ½ of Africa is the tropical savannah w/ 2 rainy seasons each year • Western Africa • Adequate rainfall

  20. Vegetation • Tropical grasslands cover the majority of African landscapes • Serengeti Plain • Rainforest in the Central regions of Africa • Congo Basin • Variety of plant and animal life • Canopy • Problems with slash/burn techniques • ½ of original rainforest destroyed

  21. Serengeti Plain

  22. Congo Basin

  23. Interesting and Unusual Plant and Animal Life in Africa

  24. Human-Environment Interaction • Desertification of the Sahel • Causes • Overgrazing of livestock • Farming and increased soil erosion • Wind erosion • Drilling for water leads to increased levels of salt which prevents growth • Increased population • Effects • Destroying forests and rainforests

  25. Human-Environment Interaction • Oil Resources in Nigeria • World’s 6th largest oil exporter • Nigeria borrowed money against oil profits for internal improvements • Oil prices dropped leaving Nigeria in debt to foreign countries

  26. Effects of Nigerian Oil Industry • Mismanagement of money, corruption of government officials and decline of oil prices has injured the Nigerian economy • 400+ oil spills • Bandits sabotaging oil pipelines with consent of the government • New leadership-President Olusegun Obasanjo (1999) pledged to fire corrupt government employees and clean up corruption and mismanagement

  27. Controlling the Nile River • Periods of drought/flooding • Flooding provided silt for fertile soils along the banks of the Nile—but also destroyed homes/farms etc • Egyptians tried canals and dams to stop the environmental problem • Aswan High Dam (1970) • Created Lake Nasser—300 mile lake • Regulates water flow to farming regions

  28. Aswan Dam

  29. Aswan High Dam

  30. Aswan High Dam

  31. Lake Nasser

  32. Problems associated with the Aswan Dam • Relocation of Nubian population • Relocation of artifacts from the Temple Abu Simbel • Destruction of some Egyptian artifacts • Decreased fertility without seasonal floods • Drains installed to flush out the salt deposits which would have naturally been removed with seasonal flooding • Increased in mosquito born diseases (malaria) • Evaporation of Lake Nasser

  33. Temple of Abu Simbel

  34. In Class Assignment… • Make a chart of the 5 different regions of Africa include: primary climate of the region, countries in the region, imperialistic nations taking over the region, government of the region and major natural resources of the region.

  35. Take Five… • Complete the Skill Builder Questions on pg 431

  36. Chp 19: From Human Beginnings to New Nations • East Africa • North Africa • West Africa • Central Africa • Southern Africa

  37. East Africa • “cradle of humanity” • Evidence of humanoids from 2 mill years ago • Burundi, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Seychelles, Somalia, Tanzania, and Uganda

  38. Northern Africa

  39. East African Trade • 100s AD-Trade along the Red Sea & Indian Ocean-Aksum (Ethiopia) • Center for Christianity • Taking advantage of Monsoon winds • 600s AD-Kilwa (Tanzania) emerges as a new trading center with middle east • East Africa= cultural crossroads

  40. Aksum

  41. Colonization and Imperialism • Europe interested in rich natural resources • Berlin Conference 1884-1885 • Dividing Africa among European rulers • African chiefs were not invited • European country must illustrate and maintain control in a region • Division without regard to cultural, ethnical or any other African considerations

  42. Colonization… • By 1914 only Liberia & Ethiopia was free from European control • U.S. in Liberia • Ethiopia defeated the Italians in 1896

  43. Take Five… • What happens to African countries, after receiving their independence from European countries? Ex?

  44. Problems associated with ending colonization • Political instability • Economic hardship • Ethnical disputes • Ex: Rwanda’s Civil War in 1990

  45. East African Economies • Farming • 70% rural • Cash crops: coffee, tea, sugar • Dependent on world market • Tourism • Wildlife parks • Game reserves

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