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Pre-AP Final Review

Pre-AP Final Review. What is Utopia?. An ideal place A book written by Thomas More Northern Renaissance. Italian Renaissance. Leonardo da Vinci Michelangelo Petrarch – sonnets Machievelli’s The Prince Humanism The Medici Family. Leonardo da Vinci. Artist Inventor

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Pre-AP Final Review

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  1. Pre-AP Final Review

  2. What is Utopia? • An ideal place • A book written by Thomas More • Northern Renaissance

  3. Italian Renaissance • Leonardo da Vinci • Michelangelo • Petrarch – sonnets • Machievelli’sThe Prince • Humanism • The Medici Family

  4. Leonardo da Vinci • Artist • Inventor • Italian Renaissance • Painted Mona Lisa and The Last Supper

  5. Who were the Medici’s? • Wealthy family in Florence • Patrons of the arts • Ruled Florence absolutely – even though it was a republic

  6. What is a Renaissance Man? • Someone who excels in many fields • Ex: Leonardo da Vinci

  7. Where did the Renaissance start? • Italy

  8. What were the results of the Plague? • Social Unrest • Populationdeclined • Labor shortages • Breaking of feudal ties • Disruption of trade

  9. What caused decline in Papal authority? • Deaths from the Plague • Loss of the Holy Land in the Crusades • The Great Schism

  10. What was the goal of the Crusades? • Recapture the Holy Land from the Ottoman Turks

  11. What is Manorialism? • Peasants are usually serfs • Economic System • Self-sufficient • Loyalty is exchanged for land and protections

  12. Magna Carta • Nobles forced King John of England to sign it • Limited the King’s powers • Meant to protect the nobles

  13. Results of the Crusades • Facilitated trade between Europe and the Middle East • Increased Cultural and Economic ties between Europe and the Middle East • Increased tensions between Christians, Muslims, and Jews

  14. What led to weakening of Middle Ages institutions? • Bubonic Plague – Broke Feudalism, decrease Church authority • Hundred Years War- No more knights, increased nationalism • Great Schism- Decrease in church authority

  15. What describes Incan religion? • Ancestor Worship • Polytheism • Sun Worship • Animism

  16. What was the stable crop of Mesoamerican tribes? • Maize

  17. Mali • Mansa Musa ruled • Pilgrimage to Mecca • Islam • Trans-Saharan trade route • Tolls collected in gold and salt

  18. What was traded on the Trans-Saharan trade route? • Gold and Salt

  19. Shinto • Animistic religion • Japan • Later blended with Buddhism

  20. Clovis • King of the Franks • Merovingian Dynasty • Brought Christianity to the Franks

  21. Feudalism • Political system where loyalty is exchanged for land and protection • Used to safe-guard against Viking attacks

  22. What was the one unifying factor in the Middle Ages? • Catholic Church

  23. What purpose did monasteries serve in the Middle Ages? • Preserved ancient manuscripts • Served as the foundation for universities

  24. What caused the Sunni-Shi’a split? • Death of Ali • Disagreement over who has a right to be the caliph • Shia believe it should be a relative, Sunni don’t believe this…

  25. What helped lead to expansion of Islamic Empire? • Devotion of people to the cause • Religious persecution and unrest in the Byzantine and Persian Empires

  26. What are some similarities between Hammurabi’s Code and Justinian’s Code? • Written law codes • Became basis for laws • Lasted after death of creators

  27. Divided Roman Empire Western Rome Eastern Rome Attacked by pastoral nomads Spoke Greek Practiced Eastern Orthodox Authority is Emperor and Patriarch Lasted hundreds of years after the fall of the western empire in the 5th century • Attacked by pastoral nomads • Spoke Latin • Practiced Roman Catholicism • Authority is Pope • Falls in 5th century to Germanic tribes

  28. What led to the spread of Eastern Orthodoxy? • Creation of the Cyrillic Alphabet

  29. Which religions are monotheistic and sent out missionaries to spread religion? • Christianity and Islam

  30. Julius Caesar • Member of 1st Triumvirate • General • Led forces in Gaul • Defeated Pompey • Named dictator for LIFE • NOT EMPEROR • Killed by Senate

  31. Athenians and Roman Government Athenian Democracy Roman Republic Citizens elect representatives to rule for them Built splendid buildings to beautify Rome Insisted on proper worship of the gods (with the exception of the Jews) • Direct democracy • Every citizen votes on every bit of legislation • Built splendid buildings to beautify Athens • Insisted on proper worship of the gods for protection

  32. How did the Roman Republic evolve over time? • More power was given to the plebeians after the patricians abuse their power.

  33. Who did cross-Asian trade (Silk Roads) connect? • Roman Empire was now connected with Chinese textile producers.

  34. What is classical culture? • A blend of Roman and Greek culture.

  35. Timeline in Rome Roman Republic (500s BCE-27 BCE) Punic Wars (200s BCE) Roman Expansion Julius Caesar and 1st Triumvirate (50s-40s BCE) collapse of Republic 27 BCE Augustus Caesar and Imperial Rome (27 BCE- 476 BCE) PaxRomana (27 BCE- 180 CE) “Bad Emperors” (37-224 CE) Christianity (1st century CE) Germanic Invasions (Late 2nd century to 476 CE) Fall of Western Rome 476 CE

  36. Han China and Rome Han China Imperial Rome Centralized government ruled by an Emperor Women were subordinated- dictated in religion as well as society- and in home Rapid expansion and trade with China • Centralized government ruled by Emperor • Women were subordinated- dictated by Confucianism- and in home • Confucianism emphasized ancestor worship, obedience, filial piety • Rapid expansion and trade with Rome

  37. Motives for the Crusades

  38. Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy Roman Catholicism Eastern Orthodoxy Centered in Constantinople Closer to seat of power in Roman Empire Patriarch is head Emperor has authority over the Patriarch Greek in liturgy Priest can marry Use icons to aid devotions • Centered in Rome • Far from seat of power in the Roman Empire • Pope in head • Pope has authority over kings and emperors • Latin in liturgy • Priests never marry and practice celibacy

  39. American Civilization Aztec Inca Headed by emperor Primarily agricultural – divided cities up by growing abilities Live in mountains – high-altitude agriculture Cuzco and Machu Picchu Ancestor worship through mummies Worship sun god – polytheistic Fell because of conquistadores Built road system with runners, single language, and accounting system No written language • Headed by Emperor • Agricultural and collect tribute • Live in the desert • Tenochtitlan and Teotihuacan • Human sacrifice large scale for worship • Worship sun god - polytheistic • Constantly warring and taking over new territories • Fell because of the conquistadores • Written language

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