TO and THRU LECTURE 10

1. MIDTERM Oct 31 Thur12:30-1:50 PM TO and THRU LECTURE 10 FORMAT SAME AS PRACTICE MTs short answer, write reaction, draw structures, Y/N with logic, , T/F

2. MIDTERM MIDTERM REVIEWs TA Review session: XXXX YYY Randy’s Extra Office Hours XXX YYY

3. MIDTERM as a bifurcation… In the olde days, the course grade was decided 40% midterm 60% final

4. MIDTERM as a bifurcation… In the olde days, the course grade was decided 40% midterm 60% final Now it’s a little more complicated, but a whole lot better: IF midterm > final: 40% mid 60% final IF midterm < final: we only use final!!

5. MIDTERM as a bifurcation… Because of this policy The midterm is, in a sense, optional BUT: I STRONGLY recommend you take it, and try to do as well as you can on it. Really. I am serious.

6. Albert Lehninger Christian R. H. Raetz A science family tree… Eugene Kennedy Randolph Y. Hampton

7. The mitochondrion (plural mitochondria) fig 19-1

8. fig 19-1

9. mitochondria (plural…mitochondrion is singular) outer membrane • porins permeable to MW<5000 inner membrane • impermeable to most small molecules • respiratory chain complexes • ATP-ADP translocases, other transporters • ATP synthase • impermeable to most small molecules matrix • pyruvate dehydrogenase complex • Krebs cycle enzymes • many other things (later and before)

10. NADH: a universal electron carrier

11. cofactor electron acceptors nicotinamide nucleotide-linked dehydrogenases • NAD+ or NADP+ are acceptors • loosely bound, freely dissociable • true carriers flavoproteins • FMN and FAD isoalloxazine acceptors • tightly bound to enzymes • single or two electron transfers

12. inner membrane carrier molecules (in the four complexes) ubiquinone, or coenzyme Q • benzoquinone for 1 or 2 electron • freely diffusable in inner membrane • membrane-bound carrier cytochromes • heme cofactors • most are integral membrane proteins (not c) iron-sulfer proteins • multiple types of clusters

13. Drugs for studying e- transport order fig 19-6

14. inner membrane carrier molecules (in the four complexes) ubiquinone, or coenzyme Q • benzoquinone for 1 or 2 electron • freely diffusable in inner membrane • membrane-bound carrier

15. Ubiquinone (coenzyme Q) fig19-2

18. inner membrane carrier molecules (in the four complexes) ubiquinone, or coenzyme Q • benzoquinone for 1 or 2 electron • freely diffusable in inner membrane • membrane-bound carrier cytochromes • heme cofactors • most are integral membrane proteins (not c)

19. + e- Fe+3 Fe+2 heme cofactors fig19-3

20. Spectral properties of cytochromes fig 19-4

21. inner membrane carrier molecules (in the four complexes) ubiquinone, or coenzyme Q • benzoquinone for 1 or 2 electron • freely diffusable in inner membrane • membrane-bound carrier cytochromes • heme cofactors • most are integral membrane proteins (not c) iron-sulfer proteins • multiple types of clusters

22. Iron-sulfur clusters in proteins fig19-5

23. Respiratory chain Electron transport chain how do we know it’s a chain? order suggested by E values inhibitor studies on A and D composition direct biochemical studies (!!)

24. Reduction potentials in respiration

25. order suggested by E values…

26. inhibitor studies on A and D composition… fig 19-6

27. Hard-core biochemistry for study of respiratory chain fig 19-7

28. Don’t waste clean thinking on dirty enzymes a message from Efraim fig19-7

29. direct biochemical studies (!!)… fig19-7

30. direct biochemical studies (!!)… fig19-7

32. I NADH dehydrogenase “Hp” fig19-9

33. II succinate dehydrogenase fig19-8

34. III ubiquinone: cytochrome c oxidoreductase fig19-11

35. III ubiquinone: cytochrome c oxidoreductase fig19-11

38. IV cytochrome oxidase fig19-13

39. a Cu-S complex! fig19-13

40. fig19-14

41. electron transport chain fig19-16 simplified

42. electron transport chain fig19-16

43. fig19-17

44. electron transport chain fig19-16

45. fig19-17

46. proton-motive force 23.6 kJ/mole H+

47. the coupling question… chemiosmotic hypothesis!

48. the coupling question… chemiosmotic hypothesis!