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Voice

Learn the concepts, rules, and examples of active and passive voice in English grammar. Discover when and how to use each voice effectively.

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Voice

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  1. Voice

  2. Subject (noun/pronoun) • Object (noun/pronoun) • Complement • Verb • Verb phrase • Verb forms • Forms of a verb • Transitive and intransitive verbs • Sentence + sentence forms Things to be considered

  3. Voice Voice is a form of a verb which is used to show either something is done by the subject or something is done to the subject We are studying English English is being studied by us

  4. Active Voice • We use a sentence in active voice when we are interested in what the subject does. Examples: • We play cricket. • I am teaching English. • She bought a car

  5. Passive Voice • We use a sentence in passive voice when we are interested in what is done to the subject. Examples: • Cricket is played by us. • English is being taught by me. • A car is bought by her.

  6. When do we use active voice? When the doer of the action is clear When it is important to know what is done by the people When the doer of an action is more important than the receiver When do we use passive voice? When the doer of the action is not clear When it is important to know what is done to the people When the receiver of an action is more important than the doer Note: these tenses are not common in passive voice: Present perfect continuous, past perfect continuous, future continuous tense, future perfect continuous tense.

  7. Changing a sentence from active voice to passive voice Rules: • We should know the tense • Verb must be transitive • Point out the subject and the object of the sentence. • Change the sentence to passive voice by making the object of active voice the subject of passive voice

  8. Example Mursal Active Subject helps Active Verb Samim. Active Object Samim Passive Subject is helped Passive Verb by Mursal. Active Object

  9. General structure for passive voice Subject + Be + 3rd verb

  10. Passive Voice Present Past Modals Simple present Is/am/are + PP General Modals + be + PP Simple Past Was/were + PP Present Continuous Is/am/are + being + PP Past Continuous Was/were + being + PP Simple Future Will/ going to + be + PP Present perfect Have/has + been + PP Past Perfect Had + been+ PP

  11. Passive Voice (simple present tense) • +) subject + is, am, are + PP • --) subject + is, am, are + not + PP • ?) Is, am, are + subject + pp The dishes are washed by her She washes the dishes The students are instructed by us We instruct the students I am not supported by them They don’t support me The gifts are not bought by her She doesn’t buy the gifts Are the students helped by her? Does she help the students? Is tennis played by them? Do they play tennis?

  12. Passive Voice (simple past tense) • +) subject + was/were + PP • --) subject + was/were + not + PP • ?) was/were + subject + pp The dishes were washed by her She washed the dishes English was studied by us We studied English I was not supported by them They didn’t support me The gifts were not bought by her She didn’t buy the gifts Was English studied by us? Did we study English? Was tennis played by them? Did they play tennis?

  13. Passive Voice (Present Perfect Tense) • +) subject + have/has + been + PP • --) subject + haven’t/ hasn’t + been + not + PP • ?) Have/has + subject + been + pp A car has been bought by her She has bought a car English has been studied by us We have studied English I haven’t been supported by them They haven’t supported me The gifts haven’t been bought by her She hasn’t bought the gifts Has English been studied by us? Have we studied English? Has tennis been played by them? Have they played tennis?

  14. Passive Voice (Past Perfect Tense) • +) subject + had + been + PP • --) subject + hadn’t + been + not + PP • ?) Had + subject + been + pp A car had been bought by her She had bought a car English had been studied by us We had studied English I hadn’t been supported by them They hadn’t supported me The gifts hadn’t been bought by her She hadn’t bought the gifts Had English been studied by us? Had we studied English? Had tennis been played by them? Had they played tennis?

  15. Passive Voice (Present Continuous Tense) • +) subject + is, am, are + being + PP • --) subject + is, am, are + not + being + PP • ?) Is, am, are + subject + being + pp The dishes are being washed by her She is washing the dishes A car is being bought by us We are buying a car I am not being supported by them They aren’t supporting me The gifts are not being bought by her She isn’t buying the gifts Are the students being helped by her? Is she helping the students? Is tennis being played by them? Are they playing tennis?

  16. Passive Voice (Past Continuous Tense) • +) subject + was/were + being + PP • --) subject + was/were + not + being + PP • ?) was/were + subject + being + pp The dishes were being washed by her She was washing the dishes A car was being bought by us We were buying a car I was not being supported by them They weren’t supporting me The gifts were not being bought by her She wasn’t buying the gifts Were the students being helped by her? Was she helping the students? Was tennis being played by them? Were they playing tennis?

  17. The passive form of modals • +) subject + modal + be + PP • --) subject + modal + not + PP • ?) Modal + subject + be + pp The dishes will be washed by her She will wash the dishes A car should be bought by us We should buy a car I might not be supported by them They might not support me This car can’t be bought by her She can’t buy this car Could the students be helped by her? Could she help the students? Will a computer be bought by them? Will they buy a computer?

  18. WH information questions • ?) WH word + be/ modal + subject + be + pp When will this car be bought by her? When will she buy this car? Why is English being studied by her? Why is he studying English? How will the new students be taught by them? How will they teach the new students? Where was English being taught by her? Where was she teaching English?

  19. Extra

  20. Major sentences I will buy this book by the year 2011 This book will be bought by the year 2011 We don’t expect Shabana to come to the party tonight Shabana is not expected by us to come to the party People speak English in many parts of the world English is spoken in many parts of the world

  21. The passive form of imperative sentences • +) let + object + be + pp • --) let + object + not + be + pp Let the door be opened Open the door Let your books be closed Close your books Let the door not be opened Don’t open the door Let your books not be closed Don’t close your books

  22. Direct and indirect object in passive voice A gift was bought for Ali by her She bought a gift for Ali Ali was bought a gift by her A letter was sent by me to her I sent a letter to her She was sent a letter by me

  23. By phrase • By phrase is a part of a passive sentence which shows the performer of an action and it is made of two parts. • 1) the preposition “by” • 2) the subject of active sentence • Note: we use “by phrase” when it is important to know who performs the action or else we don’t. Examples: • That mistake was corrected by Ali. • English is spoken in many countries. (by phrase is not important) • This book was written in 1999. (by phrase is not important)

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