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Portable Ladders

Portable Ladders. Learning Objectives. Objectives: Improve your knowledge of portable ladders Understand the requirements of the various OSHA standards Prepare to select, inspect, deploy, use, maintain, and store in a safe manner. Agenda. Agenda: Portable ladder safety

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Portable Ladders

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  1. Portable Ladders

  2. Learning Objectives • Objectives: • Improve your knowledge of portable ladders • Understand the requirements of the various OSHA standards • Prepare to select, inspect, deploy, use, maintain, and store in a safe manner

  3. Agenda • Agenda: • Portable ladder safety • Types of portable ladders • Care and use of portable ladders • Your responsibilities

  4. Section 1 Overview of the Issue

  5. Overview of the Topic • Reduce the risk of injury by: • Inspect and maintain ladder • Proper ladder for job • Proper ladder set-up • Ascend and descend ladder safely

  6. Ladder Injury Statistics • Ladder injury stats: • 30,000 injuries annually • Injuries from falling less than 10 feet

  7. Basic Causes of Ladder Accidents • Common causes: • Ladders move, tilt, or shift • Unstable or slippery base • Other causes: • Misstep • Slip • Loss of balance • Overreach • Struck by vehicle or other object

  8. OSHA Regulations • 29 (Code of Federal Regulations): • 1910 - General Industry • 1926 - Construction Industry

  9. Materials of Construction • Fiberglass: • Electrically non-conductive • Strong • Aluminum: • Strong and lightweight • Corrosion-resistant • Wooden: • Electrically non-conductive

  10. Duty Ratings • Five ratings: • I-AA - up to 375 lbs • I-A - up to 300 lbs • I - up to 250 lbs • II - up to 225 lbs • III - up to 200 lbs

  11. Section 2 Types of Portable Ladders

  12. Single or Straight Ladders • Ladders must be: • Sidepieces joined by crosspieces • Slip-resistant • No longer than 30 feet

  13. Extension or Section Ladders • Section ladders: • Wood ladders: • Two sections, 60 ft. max • Metal and fiberglass ladders: • Three sections, 72 ft. max • Must overlap for strength

  14. Stepladders • Three types of portable stepladders: • Type I - Industrial stepladder, 3 to 20 ft. length, heavy duty • Type II - Commercial stepladder, 3 to 12 ft. length, medium duty • Type III - Household stepladder, 3 to 6 ft. length, light duty

  15. Two-Way Stepladders • Two-way stepladders: • Each side has a set of steps • Two people can work from the ladder - one on each side

  16. Platform Ladders • Platform ladders: • Special-purpose ladder that has a large stable platform • Length cannot exceed 20 feet

  17. Trestle Ladders • Trestle ladders: • Self-supporting, non-adjustable in length, two sections hinged at the top • Extension trestle: adjustable in length, locks together • Used for planks or staging: • Rungs not intended as steps • No longer than 20 feet

  18. Section 3 Care and Use of Portable Ladders

  19. Inspection • Inspection: • Inspected by a qualified employee • Defective ladders tagged, “Dangerous, Do Not Use” until repaired • Items to inspect: • Loose nails, screw bolts, or other parts • Non-slip steps or base • Rusted or corroded spots • Foreign matter on the ladder

  20. Ladder Feet • Ladder feet: • Placed firmly and evenly on the ground or floor • Designed to keep the ladder from sliding out • Pads must be in place and secured to each foot • Flipped up, used as cleats to keep from sliding on grass, gravel, or dirt

  21. Ladder Levelers • Ladder levelers: • Some included on ladder • Available to retro-fit existing ladders • Increase the length to adjust for uneven surfaces • Available in many lengths

  22. Setting up a Straight or Extension Ladder • Setting up ladder: • Lay ladder on ground • Lift end over head, walk under ladder to wall • Move hands from rung to rung • Pull out base • Reverse process to take down

  23. Securing • Secure the ladder: • Top and bottom • Secure the ladder if extension is not possible

  24. Ascending and Descending • Ascending and descending • Always face the ladder • Grasp the side rails • Raise and lower heavy, awkward loads with hand line or hoist • Don’t: • Slide down the ladder • Use hands for carrying items

  25. Transporting Portable Ladders • Transporting: • Heavy and awkward for a single person • Keep front end elevated • Transport parallel to truck bed • Ladders are properly secured

  26. Storing the Ladder • Store: • On racks • Wood ladders - where they will not be exposed to elements • Fiberglass ladders - where they are not exposed to sunlight

  27. Maintenance • Maintenance: • Lubricate metal bearings and pulleys • Replace worn ropes • Never paint a wood ladder

  28. Slip Resistance • Slip-resistant materials include: • Cloth-backed mineral abrasive • Anti-slip abrasive surfaces • Coarse-ground walnut shells • Sand • Re-dimpling

  29. Section 4 Your Responsibilities

  30. Your Responsibilities • Your employers expects: • Select the right ladder for the job • Inspect the ladder • Never leave unattended • Transport carefully

  31. Your Responsibilities • Responsibilities: • Place properly in accordance with your training • Ascend and descend in the safest possible fashion • Maintain and store properly for years of safe use

  32. Additional Information • Stairways and Ladders. U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration. OSHA 3124. 1997 (Revised). • Portable Ladders: Types, Use & Care. Oregon OSHA. http://www.cbs.state.or.us/osha/pdf/pubs/3083.pdf • Preventing Electrocutions of Workers Using Portable Metal Ladders Near Overhead Power Lines. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 89-110. July 1989.

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