Root hair – small roots that increase surface area and absorb water

2. Root hair – small roots that increase surface area and absorb water • Secondary roots – grow from primary root • Adventitious roots – grow from stem • Node – where leaf grows from stem • Internode – area of stem between nodes • Bud – contains undeveloped flower, stem or leaves

3. Fibrous roots – many small thread like roots • Tap root – one large root • Pollination – transfer of pollen from anther to stigma • Terminal Bud – Large bud found at the end of the stem • Fertilization – union of sperm and egg

5. Physiology – The study of the function of cells, tissues, organs, and systems of the body. • Skeletal system is made up of bones and cartilage. Supports and protects the body. • Bones – hard part of system, made of calcium and phosphorus • Cartilage – found at the ends of bones, flexable material that lubricates the joints and cushion shocks

6. Muscular System - Largest system in the body, making up 45% of the body weight of hogs, cattle and chickens. • Used for locomotion, digestion, circulation, and respiration.

7. Nervous system – made up of the brain, spinal cord and nerves. • Five sensory receptors • Touch • Taste • Hear • Smell • See

8. Respiratory system is where gases are exchanged with in the body • Nostrils – external opening of the respiratory system • Pharynx – where mouth and respiratory system meet. • Larynx – voice box • Trachea – tube that connects pharynx to lungs • Lungs – exchange of gases occurs

9. Excretory system – rids the body of waste. • Skin – rids body of waste in sweat • Kidney - filters waste from blood • Ureter – tube that connects the kidney with the bladder • Bladder – holds urine until elimination • Urethra – tube that connects the bladder with the outside

10. Digestion – breaking down of food for energy and nutrients. • Mouth – opening to outside • Esophagus – muscular tube that connects the mouth with the stomach • Stomach – uses acids and muscular movement to break down foods • Small intestine – absorbs water and nutrients • Large intestine – absorbs remaining water and firms fecal matter • Anus – opening through which fecal matter exits the body.

11. Circulatory system is made up of the heart, veins, arteries and blood • Heart – pumps blood through the system • Veins – carry blood back to heart • Arteries – carry blood away from heart • Blood – made of white blood cells, red blood cells, plasma, and platelets

12. Plasma – 90% water • Glucose, vitamins, minerals, and amino acids (proteins) • Red blood cells - contain hemoglobin and are made in the bone marrow • White blood cells – help fight off disease • Platelets – essential for blood to clot

13. Rumen – 1st compartment for storage of large amounts of feed. • Sends food back up for rechewing - cud • Reticulum – 2nd compartment hardware disease preventer • Omasum – strong walls to break down food • Abomasum – like non ruminant – acid breaks down food.

14. Air cell - area of air between inner and outer cell membranes • Allantois – a sack that holds the embryo’s waste • Eggshell- hard outer coating of the egg for protection • Embryo – immature chicken • Yolk – energy source for embryo • Inner shell membrane –membrane located just outside the albumin

15. Gizzard – muscular tube that contains grit to grind down food • Cloaca - no anus • 21 days for eggs to hatch • Temperature of 99.5 for eggs to hatch

16. Renewable resources • Soil • Water • Air • Minerals • Plants • animals • Erosion – wearing away of soil by wind or water • Water is needed for plants and animals to live

17. Structures – retention ponds , no till farming • Air is gases, water vapor, and particulates • Trees offer beauty and give off 0xygen and take in carbon dioxide • Fe • Zn • Cu • Pb • Mg

18. Fuel – anything burned to create energy. 3 parts of an ecosystem Habitat Niche Food Chain