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Server Architecture

Alec Dulan Sreevastav Gangarapu Michael Lavacca Neal Tanner Computer Architecture Spring 2010. Server Architecture. What is a server?. Section 1. Dictionary.com defines a server as:

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Server Architecture

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  1. Alec Dulan Sreevastav Gangarapu Michael Lavacca Neal Tanner Computer Architecture Spring 2010 Server Architecture

  2. What is a server? Section 1

  3. Dictionary.com defines a server as: A computer that makes services, as access to data files, programs, and peripheral devices, available to workstations on a network. What is a server?

  4. What types of servers are there? • File server – Providing a networked storage solution • Database server • Web server • Game server - Hosting a multi-player, networked game • E-mail server • Load balancer – Distributes web page requests between multiple web servers

  5. Are servers specialized or general? • There are many different varieties of servers • Some type of servers perform multiple functions • The smaller the number of clients served, the more generalized the server is • The larger the number of clients, the more specialized the server is

  6. Are servers scalable? • For a small number of clients, yes. • More software can be installed on the server, giving it more capabilities • For larger number of clients, no. • Scalability is obtained by adding more servers.

  7. What can be improved? • More is demanded of servers every year. • More storage, more processing power, more memory • Functions like virtualization increasingly demand more resources • Virtualization allows one physical server to behave as if it were multiple servers

  8. Processors What improvements can we expect? Section 2

  9. Processors • Putting more cores on the processor could help servers deliver better performance. • That could help in energy savings and consolidation of data centers by reducing the number of servers required to perform a set of tasks. • Intel's upcoming 8-core Nehalem-EX chip takes this approach

  10. Intel's Nehalem-EX CPU • Intel Nehalem Architecture build on Intel's unique 45nm high-k metal gate technology process • Up to 8 cores per processor • Up to 16 threads per processor with Intel Hyper-threading • 2.3 billion transistors

  11. Intel's Nehalem-EX CPU – Continued • QuickPath Architecture with four high-bandwidth links • Scalability up to eight sockets via Quick Path Interconnects • 24MB of shared cache • Support for up to 16 memory slots per processor socket • Up to 9x the memory bandwidth of previous generation (Intel Xeon 7400)

  12. Physical Memory What improvements can we expect? Section 3

  13. Physical Memory • There are serious concerns about the scalability of current memory technologies • More and more is being packed into chips. • Sizes have shrunk from 130 nm (2000) to 45 nm (currently) • Further reduction is expected – 22nm (2011) and 16 nm (2018) • Existing technologies are unlikely to be able to be shrunk further

  14. Physical Memory - Future improvements • Current memory technology uses • transistors (flash memory) • capacitors (DRAM) • Nosce Memorias (Latin for ‘Know your memories’) project currently working on resistive RAM (RRAM) • RRAM uses ability to alter electrical resistance by applying external voltage or current

  15. Resistive RAM – Continued • Three types of RRAM materials currently being investigated • Ferroelectric Schottky diode – Abandoned when appropriate materials couldn't be found • Metal-organic charge transfer material called CuTCNQ • Purely organic semi-conductors

  16. Storage What improvements can we expect? Section 4

  17. Storage • Recent developments in Storage Area Networks (SANs) have generated much interest in the area • Storage Area Network is defined as "multiple storage devices connected to multiple servers through a switch or a hub

  18. SAN Benefits • The five key benefits of SAN technology include: • improved sharing of data • consolidation of data within a network • accessibility of information to all users on a network • ease of management • protection of enterprise computing resources identify dollar figures / percentage of investment

  19. Storage Virtualization • Commonly used in SANs • Consists of physical storage from multiple network storage devices acting as a single device • Management is performed from a central console

  20. Virtualization Capabilities • Replication • Remote data replication • Point in time snapshots • Pooling • Storage resources aggregated into storage pools • Logical devices created from pools

  21. Upcoming Product (How can we use these new developments) Section 5

  22. Server Specifications • Memory • RRAM • Storage Area Network • Processing • Intel’s Nehalem-EX 8-core CPU • Motherboard Architecture • Intel QuickPath Interconnect

  23. Server Specs - Continued • Power • Built-in Uninterruptible Power Supply

  24. Differences from RISC/MIPS • MIPS is RISC-based • RISC - Reduced Instruction Set Computing • Our Server is CISC-based • CISC - Complex Instruction Set Computing

  25. CISC vs. RISC

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