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Today’s Bell Ringer

11 April 2014. Today’s Bell Ringer. This begins the last section of regular testing !!! The last regular test is on April 24. The Chapters to be covered are 29, 30, 31 & 34. Chapter 29 Vocab Nervous system – Endocrine system – Central Nervous System (CNS) –

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Today’s Bell Ringer

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  1. 11 April 2014 Today’s Bell Ringer This begins the last section of regular testing !!! The last regular test is on April 24. The Chapters to be covered are 29, 30, 31 & 34 Chapter 29 Vocab Nervous system – Endocrine system – Central Nervous System (CNS) – Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) – Vocab for the parts of the brain (handout)

  2. What is So Special About The Human Brain https://www.ted.com/talks/suzana_herculano_houzel_what_is_so_special_about_the_human_brain

  3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:TE-Nervous_system_diagram.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:TE-Nervous_system_diagram.svg

  4. The nervous system controls thoughts, movement, and emotion. • The endocrine system controls growth, development, and digestion.

  5. spinal chord nerves The nervous and endocrine systems have different methods and rates of communication. • The nervous system works quickly, using chemical and electrical signals. • interconnected network of cells • signals move through cells • divided into central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS)

  6. 14 April 2014 Today’s Bell Ringer Define the following terms: Brain stem – Cerebrum – Cerebellum – Corpus callosum – Thalamus – Hypothalmus – Pituitary gland – Hippocampus –

  7. http://www.brainfacts.org/sensing-thinking-behaving/learning-and-memory/articles/2011/synaptic-plasticity/http://www.brainfacts.org/sensing-thinking-behaving/learning-and-memory/articles/2011/synaptic-plasticity/ % brain of total body weight (150 pound human) = 2%Average brain width = 140 mmAverage brain length = 167 mmAverage brain height = 93 mm Average number of neurons in the brain = 100 billionNumber of neurons in octopus brain = 300 million (from How Animals See, S. Sinclair, 1985)Number of neurons in honey bee brain = 950,000 (from Menzel, R. and Giurfa, M., Cognitive architecture of a mini-brain: the honeybee, Trd. Cog. Sci., 5:62-71, 2001.) The brain is the center of the human nervous system, controlling our thoughts, movements, memories and decisions. With evolution, the human brain has become more and more complicated, many of its interesting properties are still not well understood by scientists. Most strokes result from a blood clot in the brain that blocks the local blood supply, this causes the damage or destruction of nearby brain tissue and a wide range of stroke symptoms.

  8. 1 Cell body Neurons are highly specialized cells. • A neuron has three parts. • cell body has nucleus and organelles

  9. 2 dendrites Neurons are highly specialized cells. • A neuron has three parts. • cell body has nucleus and organelles • dendrites receive impulses

  10. 3 axon Neurons are highly specialized cells. • A neuron has three parts. • cell body has nucleus and organelles • dendrites receive impulses • axon carries impulses

  11. synapse • synapse • Neurons have other structures to transmit signals.

  12. axon terminal • Schwann cell • Neurons have other structures to transmit signals. • synapse • terminal

  13. Neurons receive and transmit signals. • Resting potential means no signal is being transmitted. • more Na+ outside of cell • more K+ inside of cell

  14. area of detail • It is generated by a stimulus. • Na+ enters, and cell becomes positively charged. • K+ leaves, and area of positive charge moves. • An action potential is a moving electrical impulse.

  15. Impulse reaches terminal. • A chemical signal passes between neurons. impulse

  16. Impulse reaches terminal. • A chemical signal passes between neurons. impulse

  17. Impulse reaches terminal. • A chemical signal passes between neurons. • Neurotransmitters released into synapse.

  18. synapse receptor neurotransmitter vesicles • Impulse reaches terminal. • Neurotransmitters released into synapse. • A chemical signal passes between neurons. • Neurotransmitters stimulate next cell. impulse

  19. midbrain Brainstem pons medulla oblongata The CNS processes information. • The brain has three parts. • cerebrum controls thought, movement, emotion • cerebellum allows for balance • brain stem controls basic life functions

  20. midbrain pons medulla oblongata • midbrain controls some reflexes • pons regulates breathing • medulla oblongata controls heart function, swallowing, coughing • The brain stem has three parts.

  21. Pituitary gland Temporal lobe

  22. The Brain https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kMKc8nfPATI&list=TL4F-kfWX7_OsbaRx0PI9b4tjVYKltvjIq

  23. 15 April 2014 Today’s Bell Ringer Quiz 13 – Tomorrow, on the parts and function of the brain Test Review

  24. Parietal lobe Frontal lobe Corpus Callosum Hippocampus Occipital lobe Pituitary gland Midbrain Temporal lobe Cerebellum Pons Medulla oblongata Brain stem

  25. Be a FAT HEAD! Feed your brain, eat things with omega-3 & omega-6 fatty acids

  26. Myelin, the protective sheath that covers communicating neurons, is composed of 30% protein and 70% fat. One of the most common fatty acids in myelin is oleic acid, which is also the most abundant fatty acid in human milk and in our diet. Monosaturated oleic acid is the main component of olive oil as well as the oils from almonds, pecans, macadamias, peanuts, and avocados. Joseph R. Hibbeln, M.D., and Norman Salem, Jr., Ph.D., concluded in 1995 that the "relative deficiencies in essential fatty acids may also intensify vulnerability to depression."

  27. 15 April 2014 Today’s Bell Ringer Study Guide, Page 289 - #s 1 & 2 Page 292 - #s 11 – 13 (you have to use my wikispaces page) Page 296 - #s 3 & 4

  28. 17 April 2014 Today’s Bell Ringer Next test will be on 24 April. It will cover: 29.1, 29.4, 30.3, 30.4, 31.2, 31.4, 34.1, 34.3 Chapter 30 Respiratory and Circulatory Systems Vocabulary: Cardiovascular system (know the four chambers of the heart – how does our blood move in the heart?) Systolic pressure Diastolic pressure Blood pressure

  29. Things that effect your blood pressure • Blood pressure is the measure of the force of blood pushing against blood vessel walls. The heart pumps blood into the arteries (blood vessels), which carry the blood throughout the body. High blood pressure, also called hypertension, is dangerous because it makes the heart work harder to pump blood to the body and contributes to hardening of the arteries, or atherosclerosis, and to the development of heart failure. • What Causes High Blood Pressure? • The exact causes of high blood pressure are not known, but many factors and conditions may play a role in its development, including: • Smoking • Being overweight or obese • Lack of physical activity • Too much salt in the diet • Too much alcohol consumption (more than 1 to 2 drinks per day) • Stress • Older age • Genetics • Family history of high blood pressure • Chronic kidney disease/Adrenal and thyroid disorders

  30. !! Understand what causes high blood pressure and how it is measured !! • Blood pressure is a measure of the force of blood pushing against artery walls. • systolic pressure: left ventricle contracts • diastolic pressure: left ventricle relaxes • High blood pressure can precede a heart attack or stroke.

  31. What Is "Normal" Blood Pressure? A blood pressure reading has a top number (systolic) and bottom number (diastolic). The ranges are: Normal: Less than 120 over 80 (120/80) Prehypertension: 120-139 over 80-89 Stage 1 high blood pressure: 140-159 over 90-99 Stage 2 high blood pressure: 160 and above over 100 and above High blood pressure in people over age 60: 150 and above over 90 and above People whose blood pressure is above the normal range should consult their doctor about steps to take to lower it.

  32. The respiratory and circulatory systems work together to maintain homeostasis. • The circulatory system transports blood and other materials. • brings supplies to cells • carries away wastes • separates oxygen-poor and oxygen-rich blood

  33. sinus nose mouth epiglottis trachea lungs • The respiratory system is where gas exchange occurs. • picks up oxygen from inhaled air • expels carbon dioxide and water

  34. alveoli bronchiole The respiratory system moves gases into and out of the blood. • The lungs contain the bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli. • Millions of alveoli give the lungs a huge surface area. • The alveoli absorb oxygen from the air you inhale.

  35. ALVEOLI GAS EXCHANGES capillary alveolus co2 Co2 diffuses into alveolus. o2 O2 diffuses into blood. capillaries Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli of the lungs. • Oxygen and carbon dioxide are carried by the blood to and from the alveoli. • oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillary • oxygen binds to hemoglobin in red blood cells • carbon dioxide difuses from capillary into alveoli

  36. Air inhaled. Air exhaled. Muscles and rib cage relax. Muscles contract and rib cage expands. Diaphragm flattens and moves downward. Diaphragm relaxes and rises.

  37. left atrium right atrium left ventricle right ventricle !! Know the parts and function of the heart !! • The heart has four chambers: two atria, two ventricles. • Valves in each chamber prevent backflow of blood. • Muscles squeeze the chambers in a powerful pumping action.

  38. Circulatory diseases affect mainly the heart and the arteries. • artery walls become thick and inflexible • plaque blocks blood flow in arteries

  39. Chapter 31 Immune System and Disease Vocabulary: Immune system – Specific/Non-Specific response – Vaccine – Antibiotic resistance – Communicable disease – Communicable diseases, also known as infectious diseases or transmissible diseases, are illnesses that result from the infection, presence and growth of pathogenic (capable of causing disease) biologic agents in an individual human or other animal host – pages 752 – 753. Next test will be on 24 April. It will cover: 29.1, 29.4, 30.3, 30.4, 31.2, 31.4, 34.1, 34.3

  40. 21 - 22 April 2014 Today’s Bell Ringer Chapter 31 Immune System and Disease Vocabulary: Immune system – Specific/Non-Specific response – Active/Passive immunity – Vaccine – Antibiotic resistance – Communicable disease – Review these Definitions

  41. Germ theory states that microscopic particles cause certain diseases. • Germ theory proposes that microorganisms cause diseases. • proposed by Louis Pasteur • led to rapid advances in understanding disease

  42. Koch’s postulates support the theory. • Disease-causing agents are called pathogens.

  43. There are different types of pathogens. • Bacteria are single-celled organisms. • cause illness by destroying cells • release toxic chemicals

  44. Viruses are genetic material surrounded by a protein coat. • force host cells to make more viruses • very small

  45. use host cells to complete their life cycles • take nutrients from host cell • Protozoa are single-celled organisms.

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