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PCM. Changes in Matter Benchmark 3

Learn about atoms, radioactivity types, fission, fusion, and benefits in this benchmark resource. Discover how nuclear processes impact energy production and the periodic table. Explore the fascinating world of atomic reactions!

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PCM. Changes in Matter Benchmark 3

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  1. PCM. Changes in Matter Benchmark 3 Contrast nuclear fission, nuclear fusion, and natural radioactivity.

  2. Atoms All atoms are made up of three particles, PROTONS, NEUTRONS and ELECTRONS. The PROTONS and NEUTRONS are located in the nucleus of the atom.

  3. Periodic Table http://www.chemicalelements.com/

  4. Radioactivity http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/nuclear/radact.html#c1 http://library.thinkquest.org/17940/texts/radioactivity/radioactivity.html?tqskip1=1 • Radioactivity refers to the fact that in some atoms, the particles that make the atoms up DO NOT want to stay there! • There is three kinds of Radioactivity and in each a particle is released. • Alpha – a Helium atom is released • Beta – an electron is released • Gamma – a gamma ray (a high energy photon) is released All radioactive atoms are trying to attain a lower energy level, the same reason a ball falls toward the Earth.

  5. Everyday Radiation At the right are some sources of everyday radiation. Radon is a highly radioactive element that can have serious adverse effects if it gathers in large quantities.

  6. Fission http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/nucene/fission.html http://library.thinkquest.org/17940/texts/fission/fission.html?tqskip1=1 FISSION means BREAKING APART. If a Uranium atom is struck by a Neutron, it can break apart into a Cesium atom, a Rubidium atom and two more Neutrons. When this happens, LOTS and LOTS and LOTS of energy is released! This energy can be used to create electricity.

  7. Power Plants Electricity is made at Power Plants. These can be powered by burning coal or nuclear fission. Fuel is used to heat water to boiling. The steam is used to turn a magnet near some wire and electricity is created! This electricity is then sent to you! http://www.southerncompany.com/learningpower/powerinfo_powerplant.asp?mnuOpco=soco&mnuType=lp&mnuItem=oc

  8. Virtual Tour

  9. Fusion http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/nucene/fusion.html http://library.thinkquest.org/17940/texts/ppcno_cycles/ppcno_cycles.html?tqskip1=1 FUSION means BRINGING TOGETHER. If two light atoms are forced together they may become attached, forming a new atom. When this happens, LOTS and LOTS and LOTS of energy is released! This is the reaction that powers out SUN. Deuterium and Tritium are both forms of Hydrogen.

  10. Fusion vs. Fission Nuclear Fusion produces about 500 times more energy than Fission. We have yet to be able to do fusion on Earth, it takes really really really hot temperatures – only found in the sun. But it would be really awesome if we could.

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