Oil, Gas and Mining Sustainable Community Development Fund (CommDev )

1. Oil, Gas and Mining Sustainable Community Development Fund (CommDev) Dafna Tapiero Veronica NyhanJones Arjun Bhalla dtapiero@ifc.org vnyhanjones@ifc.org abhalla@ifc.org

2. What is CommDev? • $12 million fund focused onhelping communities receive sustainable benefits from Extractive Industry (EI) projects • Supports IFC/World Bank clients/companies who want to collaborate to go above and beyond social and environmental safeguards • Provides public goods for all stakeholders on community development in extractive contexts • Offers capacity building, TA, tool development and information sharing through on-line clearinghouse • Global, but emphasizes Africa (60 – 70%)

3. Key Themes for CommDev • Stakeholder Engagement • Strategy (Participatory Planning) • Local Economic Development & Supply Chains • Local Revenue Management • Capacity Building for Govt, Companies, Communities • Monitoring & Evaluation (Participatory) • Communication & Information Sharing • Artisanal and Small-scale Mining (w/ CASM) • Gender

4. Community Development Strategy Communication Help organize vehicles to continue company-community-local govt dialogue on implementation Train community, company and governments to participate in on-going monitoring and evaluation of programs Assist company in implementing select community development programs with local partners Stakeholder Engagement IncreaseParticipation JointStrategy Development • Establish Participatory Planning Mechanisms • Multi-stakeholder involvement • Identify actionable and measurable interventions • Increase quality of participation • Facilitate design of community development strategy • Provide toolkits, case studies and best practice documents • Identify measurable impact of community development actions Help build awareness and engage stakeholders across all sectors and create an association for consultation and dissemination of information. Implementation Participatory Monitoring

5. Monitoring & Evaluation (M&E) • As much about building relationships, trust and mutual learning as it is about collecting and reporting data • Includes viewpoints of all stakeholders — integrating diverse priorities and concerns • The opportunity to demonstrate a company's value in the community • Rely heavily on participation and engagement of communities Good upfront M&E = Good project design Who measures matters!

6. CommDev-Funded Projects • Participatory Environmental Monitoring around Mine, Guatemala • Framework for Sustainable Development around Mining, Guinea • Capacities of Traditional Authorities and Local Government for Community Development, South Africa 4. Alternatives for Artisanal & Small-Scale Miners, DRC 5. Social Accountability to Improve Impact of Mining Canon, Peru 6. Municipal Capacity to Manage Oil Royalties, Colombia 7. Regional Development Foundation in Anosy, Madagascar 8. Indigenous Business Development, Bolivia More projects under development in Tanzania, Colombia, Ghana…

7. CommDev Learning Products • Participatory Planning & Monitoring for Companies and Communities • Local Conflict Management Toolkit • Indicators for Monitoring Corporate Community Development Investments • ASM & LSM Good Practice Guide w/ CASM • Foundations for Community Development

8. The Project Cycle BCS & CommDev 8

9. Spectrum of Community-Company Engagement Shared-understanding Trust Legitimacy Power-sharing Spectrum of actions Active disengagement; isolation, barriers to avoid contact; ignorant about communities, history, local knowledge Identify and work together on areas of mutual interest and complementary capacity Control and responsibility to take decisions and act jointly to change the context for mutual benefit Provide information about activities and rights in ways that are understandable to the public More open flows of information: some listening and some information giving Elicit information from and participation by community Violent tactics: involuntary resettlement, destruction of livelihoods, environment By the Company Giving information in a responsive mode; still limited choice in type and amount of information to give or receive Share perspectives and priorities. Provide information about what is needed (claims to rights?) Identify ways to work with company in ways that bring local knowledge, perspective and skills to bear on issues, plans and actions Control and responsibility to take decisions and act jointly to change the context for mutual benefit Active disengagement; refusal to negotiate; or inaction arising from powerless-ness or lack of information Naming, blaming, shaming based on information accessed. Violent tactics: sabotage, destroy property, hurt people By the Community Beginnings of constructive joint action Co-planning, co-monitoring and multi-directional accountability Each party is communicating with the other, but in an ineffective manner Attempts by one party to communicate with another; mostly one-way communication; partially effective Goal:

10. Participatory planning and monitoring – tools and mechanisms • Participatory Planning • Community Forums • Good Neighbor Agreements • Community Suggestion Boxes • Participatory Budgeting • Citizen Report Cards • Community Scorecards Activities integral to using these tools: • Monitoring and Measurement • Training and capacity building • Access to information Business-Community Synergies

11. Participatory planning and monitoring approaches at different stages of the project cycle

12. Local Conflict Management Toolkit • Conflict analysis toolsto diagnose and understand existing/potential conflict(awareness, stakeholder & conflict mapping, conflict sensitive business practices…) • Community development implementation tools that take conflict into account (Do No Harm, Participatory Needs & Opportunities Assessment, Community Environmental Monitoring…) • Dispute resolution toolsto mediate and resolve conflict as it arises(Grievance Mechanisms, Alternative Dispute Resolution) • Guidance offered per EI Project Cycle Stage Environmental Resources Management

13. Conflict Flashpoints in Community Development Other Flashpoints: Representation on CD program committees or community-based organizations (CBOs),Collection of Community Contributions and Local Government Engagement. Flashpoint in Porject Management: Management of Project Resources, Program Results and Outcomes. Flashpoints linked with Closure or Change: Exit of Donors, Program Exit, Untimely management or mismanagement of response to grievances, Unmanaged Expectations, Change in Management team or community relations manager.

14. Managing Conflict during Extractive Industries Project Cycle Stages

15. Map of Conflict Causes and Intervention Possibilities

16. Five Take-aways For Practitioners • Community development always has the potential to cause conflict so ensure that, at a minimum, your design is conflict-aware. • Engage your stakeholders. Involve them in participatory processes which build trust in both the design and implementation of your projects. • Implementing just any community development is not always good for communities or for your company. Effective community development is conflict-aware, participatory, based on a systematic identification of needs and opportunities and strategic to the business. • If you are operating in a conflict environment, you can make a positive contribution to peace-building using indirect approaches through community development, making your business environment more stable. • Deal with company-induced conflict as quickly and transparently as possible to avoid escalation. Community development is no substitute for understanding and resolving grievances head-on.

17. Conflict Analysis Tools • Raising Awareness of Conflict Causes & Intervention Strategies • Conflict Mapping - Channel Research • Conflict Sensitive Business Practice: Guidance for Extractive Industries • Stakeholder Mapping • Actor Mapping • Based on the Do No Harm Framework • Identifying Community Investment Priorities Using Environmental, Social And Health Impact Assessment (Eshia) • Participatory Needs and Opportunity Assessment (Pnoa) • Community Environmental Monitoring Committee • Grievance Mechanisms • Alternative Dispute Resolution

18. Case Study examples BTC/SCP Pipelines – Community Investment Program (CIP), Republic of Georgia Marlin Mine, Guatemala Occidental & Ecopetrol, Colombia Niger Delta, Nigeria Oundjo Tribe, Koniambo Nickel Sas, New Caledonia Ahafo Gold Mine Development – Ghana Artisanal and Small-scale Mining, Democratic Republic of Congo Michigan Mining and Multi-stakeholder Dialogue

19. Indicators of Community Investment • Evaluate six common dimensions:Education, Health, Infrastructure, Livelihoods, Stakeholder Engagement, Capacity Building • Go beyond inputs and outputs: Quantitative & qualitative indicators to track Inputs, Outputs, Outcomes, Local Development Impacts, and Company’s Return on Investment • Solicit diverse local participationin designing community investment programs, setting criteria for success and tracking progress IFC Environment & Social Dept.

20. Indicators for Community Investment...Education ex:

21. Information Clearinghouse www.CommDev.org

22. Information Clearinghouse (cont’d) • A resource for global good practices, tools, training programs and methodologies for supporting community development in mineral extractive environments • Over 1,500 selective resources available • Resource Center organized into 20 key topic areas • Set of tool kits to guide users implementing community development projects • Case studies, TORs, current news and events, glossary, external links and more…