Summary of Lessons Learned PREPARED TESTIMONY BY SECDEF DONALD H. RUMSFELD GENERAL TOMMY R. FRANKS

1. Summary of Lessons Learned PREPARED TESTIMONY BY SECDEF DONALD H. RUMSFELDGENERAL TOMMY R. FRANKS SENATE ARMED SERVICES COMMITTEEJuly 9, 2003

2. Rumsfeld�s �Key Lessons So Far� Include: The importance of: Speed & ability to get inside enemy�s decision cycle & strike before he is able to mount a coherent defense Jointness & ability of U.S. forces to fight, not as individual de-conflicted services, but as a truly joint force�maximizing the power & lethality they bring to bear Intelligence & ability to act on intelligence rapidly, in minutes, instead of days & even hours Precision & ability to deliver devastating damage to enemy positions, while sparing civilian lives & the civilian infrastructure

3. Rumsfeld�s Other Lessons & Observations The Plan was adaptable and flexible Allowed Gen Franks & team to turn difficulties into opportunities Example: inability of forces to enter from the north was disappointing, but Keeping 4th ID in the Mediterranean created element of surprise Iraq did not expect attack to begin until 4th ID arrived in Kuwait Lessons Learned process began before the war did JFCOM team provided immediate feedback CENTCOM could apply �lessons� in real time & improve coalition performance in this war 21st century overmatching power is more important than �overwhelming force� Force used to be measured in terms of mass (numbers of troops) Now need advanced capabilities & use them in innovative & unexpected ways

4. Franks: Things That Worked Jointness: a maturing of joint force operations From Southern/Northern Watch Ops & OEF experiences Integration of ground maneuver, spec ops, precision lethal fires & non-lethal effects Precision munitions: a force multiplier C2: unprecedented situational awareness Equipment readiness Training state of the troops Combined and joint, too Coalition support & �Strategic Anchors� �Cooperative Security� relationships paid high dividends in basing, staging & over flight rights DoD/CIA synergy using integration of liaison officers facilitated teamwork Worked well during OEF & paid great dividends in Iraq

5. Franks: Areas RequiringAdditional Work Fratricide prevention Suffered from lack of standardized combat ID (7 systems) Commanders overcame shortcomings �on the fly� Deployment planning & execution cumbersome Need to improved to meet 21st C operational demands Coalition information sharing: must improve at all levels Human intelligence: requires continuing focus Comms bandwidth: requires continuing focus Global Hawk: hi-alt, long loiter, beyond line-of-sight multi-sensor UAV will be further developed Need to include laser designation & precision weaponry delivery Integrated common operating picture (COP): very powerful but need further development Tracking systems were previously Service-unique Workarounds developed, but need integrated, user-friendly, C4I architecture for blue & red air, ground & maritime forces Strategic lift & tanker aircraft availability were stretched

6. Advanced Technologies: Critical & Showing Even More Promise C2 of air, ground, naval, & SOF from 7,000 mi. away: �unique experience in warfare� Permitted unprecedented real time situational awareness & connectivity Precision-guided munitions: a force multiplier Low collateral damage was fundamental factor to achieving objectives Armed Predator: demonstrated great potential will be a high payoff system in the future Blue Force Tracking/ enhanced C4I systems: increased lethality and decreased response time Transformational technologies