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Understanding IP Addressing and Hierarchy for Efficient Networking

Learn about physical and logical IP addresses, hierarchy, prefix, suffix, classes (A, B, C, D, E), subnet addressing, private IPs, CIDR notation, and more in this insightful guide by Dr. John P. Abraham.

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Understanding IP Addressing and Hierarchy for Efficient Networking

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  1. 21-IP addressing Dr. John P. Abraham Professor UTPA

  2. Chapters 19, 20 • I have already covered these concepts elsewhere.

  3. Addressing • Physical • Logical

  4. IP address • 32 bits • Hierarchy – prefix and suffix • Prefix identifies the network – given by IANA In classful addressing, the network address (the first address in the block) is the one that is assigned to the organization. The range of addresses can automatically be inferred from the network address. • Suffix identifies the computer –given locally • No two computers can have the same public IP

  5. Classful IP addressing • Divided IP address space into three primary classes A, B, C and also there exist class D (multicasting) and E. • First four (MSB) bits will determine its class

  6. Finding the address class

  7. Figure 4.5Finding the class in decimal notation

  8. Find the class of each address: a. 227.12.14.87 b.193.14.56.22 c.14.23.120.8d. 252.5.15.111 e.134.11.78.56 Solutiona. The first byte is 227 (between 224 and 239); the class is D.b. The first byte is 193 (between 192 and 223); the class is C.c. The first byte is 14 (between 0 and 127); the class is A.d. The first byte is 252 (between 240 and 255); the class is E.e. The first byte is 134 (between 128 and 191); the class is B.

  9. Subnet Addressing • The network address is the beginning address of each block. It can be found by applying the default mask to any of the addresses in the block (including itself). It retains the netid of the block and sets the hostid to zero.

  10. Example 12 Given the address 23.56.7.91, find the beginning address (network address). SolutionThe default mask is 255.0.0.0, which means that only the first byte is preserved and the other 3 bytes are set to 0s. The network address is 23.0.0.0.

  11. Example 15 What is the subnetwork address if the destination address is 200.45.34.56 and the subnet mask is 255.255.240.0? SolutionWe apply the AND operation on the address and the subnet mask. Address ➡ 11001000 00101101 00100010 00111000 Subnet Mask ➡ 11111111 11111111 11110000 00000000 Subnetwork Address ➡ 11001000 00101101 00100000 00000000.

  12. Figure 4.25Comparison of a default mask and a subnet mask

  13. Private IPs Table 4.3 Special addresses

  14. CIDR notation • Classless Inter-Domain routing (CIDR) • Ddd.ddd.ddd.ddd/m 192.5.48.69/26

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